Факультет Будівництво, архітектура та інфраструктура ( з 2022 року до факультету увійшли наступні кафедри : КТІ; КБВ; КАПЗБМ; КГВФ; КВМ; КЕЦБ)

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://crust.ust.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16427

ENG: Faculty Construction, architecture and infrastructure

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Adhesion Strength of Electrodeposited Ni, Zn, and Fe Coatings with Copper Substrates
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2022) Shtapenko, Eduard Ph.; Zabludovsky, Vladimir A.; Tytarenko, Valentyna V.
ENG: This paper presents the adhesive strength values of electrodeposited nickel, zinc, and iron coatings on copper substrates at various deposition parameters, including laser-assisted stimulation of the deposition process. One of the factors determined to be responsible for the adhesive strength of metal films with a metal substrate is the formation of a diffusion zone at the ‘coating-substrate’ interface. It is shown that an increase in adhesive strength is achieved due to the expansion of the diffusion zone and the formation of solid solutions. The decrease in adhesive strength at high overpotentials is associated with the release of hydrogen and the formation of intermediate phases.
Analysis of Air Dust Pollution in the Transport Compartment of the Launch Vehicle at the Stage of the Pre-launch Preparation
(Printing House “Technologija”, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2024) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Biliaieva, Viktoriia V.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Kozachyna, Valeriia V.; Mashykhina, Polina B.; Semenenko, Pavlo
ENG: At the stage of the pre-launch preparation, it is necessary to fulfill very strict environment conditions inside the main fairing where the satellite is located. Namely, it is very important to predict dust concentration inside the main fairing and especially near satellite surface during forced ventilation. To predict air dust pollution inside of main fairing 2D fluid dynamics numerical model has been developed. The governing equations include equation of potential flow to simulate air flow inside the main fairing and equation of pollutant dispersion. Also, empirical model has been used to calculate the number of dust particles fall to the satellite surface. Implicit finite difference schemes of splitting have been used for numerical integration of governing equations. The computer code has been developed on the basis of proposed numerical model. The results of computational experiments to estimate dust concentration field inside the main fairing of the launch vehicle are presented.
Assessment of Radioactive Contamination Level of Environment in Case of Accident at Nuclear Power Plant
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2023) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Rusakova, Tetiana I.; Dziuba, Serhii V.; Lapshin, Yevhen; Koval, Natalia
ENG: The accidents at nuclear power plants pose a particular threat to the population and the environment. Accidental emissions at nuclear power plants can cause long-term radioactive pollution of the environment, and the elimination of such pollution can take years. For practice, it is very important to predict the intensity and size of radioactive contamination zones for various scenarios of extreme situations at the nuclear power plants. Such a forecast will identify the most vulnerable areas and develop a response strategy to the situation that has arisen. A numerical model has been built that allows to quickly predict the scale of radioactive contamination of the territory during an emergency release at a nuclear power plant. The model is based on the application of implicit difference schemes for the numerical integration of the equation of convective-diffusion transport of impurities in the atmosphere. The developed model is characterized by the calculation speed. The results of the computational experiment are presented.
CFD Modeling of Traffic-related Air Pollution in Street Canyon
(Printing House “Technologija”, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2024) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Biliaieva, Viktoriia V.; Berlov, Oleksandr V.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Kozachyna, Valeriia V.; Yakubovska, Zinaida M.
ENG: High pollution levels are often observed in urban street canyons. Different mathematical models are intensively used to predict pollution levels in urban street canyons. In this paper quick computing 3D CFD model is proposed to compute wind flow over buildings and pollutant dispersion in street canyon. To simulate wind flow over buildings 3D equation of potential flow has been used. Pollutant concentration field has been modelled using three-dimensional equation of pollutant dispersion. Governing equations are also included simplified equations to describe pollutants chemical transformations in atmosphere. To solve numerically governing equations implicit difference schemes have been used. The computer code to realize the proposed numerical models has been developed. Results of numerical experiments are presented.
A Combinatorial Mathematical Model of the Dynamics of the Incidence of Covid-19 on the Example of the Situation in the Ukraine
(Sergeieva&Co, Karlsruhe, Ukraine & Germany, 2024) Sablin, Oleg I.; Zelenko, Yuliia V.; Horobets, Volodymyr L.
UKR: Автори на основі дослідження широкого спектру статистичних даних запропонували математичну модель динаміки поширення COVID-19 та інших подібних інфекцій. Запропонована модель допомагає зрозуміти механізми виникнення гострих респіраторних вірусних інфекцій.
Complex Diagnostics of Concrete Lining Technical Condition
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2023) Skipochka, Serhii; Serhiienko, Viktor; Amelin, Volodymyr; Amelina, Larysa V.
ENG: The main use of concrete lining is mine and hydraulic engineering construction. The options of its use in underground structures and mining operations have been considered. The advantages of this lining during construction and operation have been reflected. A long service life of underground facilities with concrete lining in Ukraine has been noted. The typical defect types have been identified. The main reasons for defect formation have been reflected. The impact of natural factors on the deterioration of the lining has been researched. The possible consequences of the flaw growth have been reported. Limited opportunities for visual inspection of the concrete surface have been noted. The main areas of non-destructive test of linings have been analyzed. The basic set of methods and control devices have been established. Special features of monitoring with various methods have been indicated. The main requirements for the registration of primary data have been defined. Typical options of office data processing have been outlined. According to the processing results, the category of the technical condition of the lining is determined. Criteria for assessing the technical condition have been presented. Specific examples of complex examination of concrete lining have been provided.
Composition Variations and UV Irradiation Effect on Charge Transfer in PbMoO4 Single Crystals
(Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, 2022) Bochkova, Tatiana; Trubitsyn, Mykhailo P.; Volnianskii, M. D.; Volnyanskii, Dmytro M.
ENG: The effect of nonstoichiometry of the composition, PbO polymorphism, and preliminary irradiation with ultraviolet light on electrical conductivity of alternating current (AC) was studied in PbMoO4 crystals. The crystals were grown by Czochralski method in a direction deviated by 30° from a-axis in (001) plain. The charge was prepared from MoO3 and PbO, lead oxide was used of α- or β- structural modifications. The reagents were taken both in a stoichiometric ratio and with an excess of 0.5 mol % of MoO3. It was shown that the magnitude of the dark and irradiation-induced AC conductivity was affected both by the type of polymorphic form of PbO and by the excess amount of MoO3. The influence of the PbMoO4 crystal structural disorder on charge transfer processes are discussed within the framework of the model of hopping conduction in disordered media.
Construction of a Mathematical Model of the Heat and Mass Transfer Process in the Main Fairing of a Launch Vehicle at the Pre-Launch Preparation Stage
(TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, Kharkiv, 2025) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Biliaieva, Viktoriia V.; Rusakova, Tetiana I.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Semenenko, Pavlo V.; Berlov, Oleksandr V.; Kirichenko, Pavlo S.; Hrudkina, Nataliia S.; Voitenko, Yuliia V.; Dolzhenkova, Olena V.
ENG: This study investigates the sequential and continuous formation of thermal fields in the main fairing of a launch vehicle when using protective screens. While thermostating, it is necessary to predict the risk in overheating the payload body and, if necessary, take measures to reduce the temperature near the payload. An engineering solution to this problem can be found through the use of protective screens of various configurations inside the main fairing. These screens reduce the heat flow from the heated outer wall of the fairing to the payload surface. However, there are no standard methods for solving this problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of this protection, a numerical model based on the fundamental equations of continuum mechanics has been constructed. The modeling equations include the energy equation and the equation of motion of a non-viscous gas. Using the numerical model built, a computational experiment was conducted, which confirmed the effectiveness of using protective screens to shield the payload body from excessive heating. The computer time required to perform the computational experiment is 3 seconds. This makes it possible to perform a significant number of calculations in a working day. The proposed simple technical means for protecting the payload from excessive heating could be used in the design of new models for rocket technology. Applying these screens slightly reduces the need for large volumes of clean air. The numerical model built could be used at specialized organizations at the “for-sketch” design stage. Numerical experiments have shown that the use of protective screens inside the main fairing makes it possible to achieve a temperature 2–4°C lower than the maximum permissible temperature near the payload.
Defining Dust Load Patterns and Assessing Health Risk to People from Traffic Flows near a Quarry
(PC "Technology center", 2025) Rusakova, Tetiana; Rusakova, Kateryna; Voitenko, Yuliia; Dolzhenkova, Olena; Zolotko, Olena; Gunko, Olena Yu.
ENG: This study investigates atmospheric dust pollution generated by quarrying activities, particularly the impact of traffic on access roads. The task addressed relates to the lack of a comprehensive assessment of dust levels and associated health risks, considering the actual operation of quarry infrastructure and seasonal variability. Emissions from quarrying during 2020–2024 have been analyzed, which made it possible to evaluate anthropogenic pressure. PM2.5 and PM10 measurements were conducted along the access road to the Rybalskyi quarry (Ukraine); the results were used for statistical processing and dust load modeling. Correlation-regression models were built to assess the impact of environmental and transport factors, identifying key pollution drivers. A mathematical model of the spatial distribution of concentrations was constructed, including an evaluation of health risks for people. Maximum recorded PM10 concentrations reached 312 μg/m3, thereby exceeding the permissible limit by 6.2 times. Considering meteorological conditions, vehicle types, as well as traffic intensity enabled quantitative assessment of each factor's contribution to dust load and identification of high-risk zones. The results are attributed to the high sensitivity of dust concentrations to local changes, confirmed by determination coefficients and spatial modeling outcomes. The proposed approach is suitable for environmental protection measures aimed at reducing dust emission impact on the environment and public health. It could be applied to plan sanitary-protection zones, regulate traffic, and optimize logistics according to local conditions. This approach requires the availability of meteorological data and traffic information to provide reliable forecasts
Development of a Mathematical Model of Dynamic Soil Deformation Taking into Account the Variable Coefficient of Volumetric Viscosity
(ACS Publications, 2024) Remez, Natalya; Haiko, Hennadii; Dychko, Alina; Boiko, Viktor; Haiko, Svitlana; Antoniuk, Olena
ENG: Determining soil deformations under the influence of dynamic loads of different nature, including during military actions, is an important scientific and practical problem. At the same time, when solving problems of determining the stress-strain state of soils under the action of short-term dynamic loads, little attention has been paid to the multicomponent composition and viscous properties. The aim of the research is to develop a mathematical model of soil deformation taking into account the variable coefficient of volumetric viscosity both during loading and unloading. The methods of mathematical modeling and numerical integration are used in the research. The possibility of using the proposed model to determine the deformation of soils under explosive and shock loads is shown, which helps control the properties of soils for the protection of shallow underground structures. The results of a comparison of the obtained analytical data with the experimental data are presented.
Digital technologies as modern infrastructure for information support of education and scientific communication: the experience of USUST
(Український державний університет науки і технологій, Дніпро, 2025) Radkevych, Anatolii V.; Kolesnykova, Tetiana O.; Soroka, Maksym L.; Rybalka, Roman V.
ENG: This paper examines the experience of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies in employing digital technologies as a contemporary infrastructure for supporting educational and scholarly communication. It presents a concise overview of the Erasmus+ project “Open science supporting vulnerable communities: empowering university libraries in crisis response” (CAELUM), in which the authors are participants and which materials underpin this study. Within the framework of the CAELUM project, the authors investigated the experiences and expectations of users interacting with the scientific libraries of Ukrainian universities during crises. Anonymised data were collected from 72 respondents aged 18 and above, representing diverse roles within the academic community, through online interviews and questionnaires. Responses to five closed-ended questions were analysed using cluster analysis, resulting in the identification of four distinct respondent clusters. Subsequently, a semantic analysis was conducted on responses to four open-ended questions. The findings enabled the identification of four target user groups of university library services in the context of crisis response. This provides a basis for university libraries to organise their activities more effectively by accounting for the needs and interests of these groups.
Effect of PET Bottle Compaction on the Saturation of the Waste Container
(Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, 2026) Titrik, Ádám; Sysyn, Mykola; Kurhan, Dmytro; Fischer, Szabolcs
ENG: Engineers and users are being pushed by environmental concerns to maximize efficiency while minimizing ecological damage. Waste collection vehicles require fossil fuels during their collection route, as well as when lifting and emptying the containers, even if the design of separate waste collection islands has focused on the idea of recycling. Even in a computer plan–assisted collection, saturated containers may have low waste density, meaning that a sizable portion of the container becomes unusable due to the shape of the waste. To maximize container utilization, this study will investigate the type and compaction potential of each container. The simulation study will provide an answer to the question of how the density of waste placed in the various containers changes as a result of compressing each bottle. The research and development will optimize not only the saturation of the container but also the number of collection routes; in addition to the economic benefits, the environmental load will be reduced. The frequency of lifting and emptying the container will decrease, resulting in reduced maintenance and repair costs for the vehicle′s lifting system and container. It is a misconception that compaction by hand in one place, throughout the diameter of the PET bottle, is the optimum way to increase the efficiency of waste collection. Based on the tests carried out in this paper, foot diameter compaction at full height is considered to be the most appropriate method after the use of a costly compactor.
Efficiency of Energy Storage Control in the Electric Transport Systems
(Politechnika Warszawska; Instytut Transportu, Poland, 2022) Sablin, Oleg I.; Bosyi, Dmytro O.; Kuznetsov, Valeriy; Lewczuk, K.; Kebal, Ivan; Myamlin, Sergiy S.
ENG: The problems of storage and supplying the energy, together with reducing energy intensity for transport, are now crucial for developing sustainable and reliable transport systems. The energy network must be gradually adapted to new loads and power consumption patterns, especially in railways. The article aims to develop the simulation model to investigate the energy storage systems in its use in the electric transport infrastructure. The authors review selected technical solutions for electric energy storage in transport. The theoretical aspects of energy exchange in the energy storage systems were presented as a base for a continuous simulation model of electric transport power supply. In the non-periodic random voltage input applied to the storage unit, it is proposed to use the calculation method based on the Duamel integral to analyze its charge-discharge processes. The resistance functions were applied to analyze the traction power supply mode with variable in time and space by active loads. The simulation showed that the direct connection of the unit to the traction network significantly reduces the traction energy consumption.
Electronic Criminal Proceedings: International Experience of Using Information Systems for Algorithmization of Criminal Justice
(Дніпровський державний університет внутрішніх справ, Дніпро, 2022) Antoniuk, Olena
ENG: The article deals with the studying and comparative analysis of international experience of using software and innovative technologies in the criminal justice sphere in certain countries as well as determining of the key causes of the imbalance between the development tendencies and implementation of such systems in Ukraine; ways and methods of submitting and accessing the information and evidence in electronic criminal justice system. The significance of this article is evident from the necessity of the comparative analysis of a positive and effective experience of the acting systems of informatization of the criminal justice system of different countries in order to resolve the issue of reforming the criminal justice system of Ukraine by means of creating an information system of pre-trial investigation – electronic criminal justice system in Ukraine with the purpose of improving the modern concept of the electronic component of the criminal justice system in order to realize the fundamental principles of a democratic society such as access to justice as one of the key principles of ensuring legislative rights and freedoms of a person in a democratic state. This research paper contains the analysis of the experience of the innovative technology functions in the electronic systems of the official bodies of the criminal justice system in the context of reviewing the application of various information programs based on the model and methods of receiving and saving information; performance analysis of the program’s strategic elements; comparison of the complex approach methods to implementing innovative processes of organization, application and control in the electronic criminal proceedings in different countries. Based on the research results, the main areas of focus have been established in order to implement the system of modern and effective electronic criminal proceedings in Ukraine.
Embedded AI for Audio-Based Drone Detection in Critical Railway Infrastructure
(Silesian University of Technology, Poland, 2025) Bosyi, Dmytro O.; Sablin, Oleh I.; Potapchuk, Iryna Yu.; Usenko, Andrii Yu.
ENG: Summary. With the increasing threat of unmanned aerial vehicles to critical railway infrastructure, the need for advanced detection technologies has become more urgent. This paper reviews existing railway monitoring solutions and outlines their limitations in identifying aerial threats. An acoustic analysis is conducted to extract distinctive unmanned aerial vehicle sound patterns using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, which serve as primary features for classification. Neural network models are applied to detect and differentiate aerial threats from environmental noise, achieving high recognition accuracy. The study also describes the development of an embedded artificial intelligence system based on STM32 microcontrollers, which combines real-time digital signal processing with efficient on-device neural inference. This solution offers a scalable and energy-efficient platform for decentralized audio-based drone detection in railway security applications.
Energy-Efficient Means of Transporting Oil Products to Ukraine During Martial Law
(MATEC, 2024) Zelenko, Yuliia V.; Cherkudinov, Volodymyr E.
ENG: Carrying out transportation of oil products, there is a danger of having a negative impact on the environment - a leak of liquid can create an environmental problem for a certain area. Transportation of oil-containing cargoes to Ukraine, during martial law, is carried out by multimodal transport, namely, road, sea and rail modes of transport. As of June 2023, there are 14 border railway stations connecting Ukraine with five countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. International railway transshipment stations were studied, which allow oil products to be transshipped into tankers for further customs clearance and transportation to warehouses, civilian or military recipients. The distance of the transportation path is not always decisive in the matter of energy saving. Environmental friendliness and energy consumption during the transportation of petroleum products are also affected by the topography of the road, the landscape of the area where the roads pass, and the traffic on the roads with other vehicles.
Environment Pollution Modeling on the Base of Quick Computing Models
(Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, 2025) Rusakova, Tetiana I.; Berlov, Oleksandr V.; Gubin, O. I.; Gunko, Olena Yu.; Mashykhina, Polina B.
ENG: Purpose. Development of a fast calculation models for determining zones of ground waters and air chemical pollution during the emission of chemically hazardous substances from anthropogenic sources of pollution. To mod-el the process of passive impurity transfer in ground waters and in atmospheric air, the G. Marchuk model is used, which takes into account the speed and direction of the flow, the intensity of the emission of chemically hazardous substances, and atmospheric diffusion (dispersion in round waters). Methodology. The process of ground waters and air pollution modeling is based on the numerical integration of the mass transfer equation (G. Marchuk model). Two numerical models were built. One numerical model was built to simulate ground waters pollution. Another numerical model was built to simulate air pollution. The construction of a numerical models of the impurity propagation process was carried out by splitting of the mass transfer equation (G. Marchuk model). Then a variable-triangular finite-difference decomposition schemes were used for numerical integration. The unknown value of the concentration of a chemically hazardous substance is carried out using explicit formulas. A set of applied programs has been developed based on the constructed numerical models. Findings. A set of applied programs has been developed based on the constructed numerical models. The results of numerical calculations are presented, showing the efficiency of the proposed numerical models. Originality. Proposed numerical models of mass transfer allow to compute quickly the areas of chemical air pollution due to the emission of toxic substances from anthropogenic sources of pollution. Practical value. Based on the proposed numerical models, a computer code has been developed. The developed models and computer code make it possible to estimate the size and intensity of environmental pollution, and can be used in solving the problem of assessing the negative impact on the ground waters and air from different sources. The results of numerical calculations show the operability of the proposed models.
Environmental Aspects and Statistical Analysis of Geological Data of Gas Recovery in Surface Degassing Wells
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2025) Ahaiev, Ruslan; Prytula, Dmytro; Zberovskyi, Vasyl; Kliuiev, Eduard; Antoniuk, Olena; Pererva, Andrii
ENG: The article is devoted to the analysis of the environmental consequences of hydrocarbon production in Donbas, particularly the extraction of coalbed methane. During coal mining, significant amounts of methane accumulate in geological formations, which subsequently migrate to the surface, creating risks for public health and the environment. Since the share of methane emissions and other pollutants in coal-mining regions is significant, it is necessary to study the conditions of methane migration processes and possible ways to reduce its emissions into the Earth’s atmosphere. One of the directions for solving this problem is to increase the efficiency of degassing systems, transportation and utilization of methane. It is known that the Donetsk basin has complex mining and geological conditions. For methane production through surface degassing wells, it is necessary to carry out methods of clogging and intensification of gas release. However, the implementation of these measures in the conditions of Donbas requires improvement. In the opinion of the authors, the solution to this issue is a statistical analysis of geological data of the rock’s composition of wells working horizons and forecasting of methane accumulation areas. Effective monitoring and management of methane emissions is one of the aspects of ensuring a safe ecological state of the air. It was established that statistical analysis by the method of normality of distribution of experimental data according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk criteria generally corresponds to the methodology of research of geological data but does not allow to assess the regularities of the distribution of gas emissions. Therefore, based on obtained results, it is proposed to continue the analysis of wells’ geological data for justification of wave impact parameters on rocks of the working horizon to restore or increase the methane production rate.
Environmental Strategy of Multimodal Transportation
(Copyright © Drawing up & Design. ScientificWorld-NetAkhatAV, 2023) Cherkudinov, Volodymyr E.; Zelenko, Yuliia V.
ENG: Using a system analysis, methods for assessing existing problems and tasks are proposed, as well as a proper definition of environmental issues as the most important in the set of issues of the creation and functioning of the transport complex is presented. At the same time, the processes of energy redistribution were taken into account in the form of specific and generalized efficiency indicators, which can be used to meet the needs of multimodal transportation. Recommendations are also proposed for the comprehensive solution of transport planning tasks, increasing safety and reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment for further spreading the application of the most successful solutions in each of the regions.
Evaluation of Gabions Usage Effectiveness for Industrial Facilities Protection Against Damage
(Український державний університет науки і технологій, Дніпро, 2025) Medvedieva, Olha O.; Dziuba, Serhii V.; Kalashnikov, Ivan V.; Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.
ENG: Purpose. In the extreme situations at industrial sites, various damaging factors may appear, such as the spread of toxic substances in the air, the creation of a fireball, etc., which pose a threat to the lives of workers and have a significant negative impact on the environment. That is why today, special attention is being paid to the problems associated with the spread of debris during a drone attack. At an industrial site where oil product storage facilities are located, the debris generated during an explosion can damage the tank building and cause a fire. In this regard, the main objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using gabion to reduce the risk of damage to the oil storage facility during the movement of drone debris. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the paper considers the problem of flying debris in the event of a drone explosion at an industrial site where oil storage facilities are located. The use of gabion with sand is proposed to protect the tank building from the throwing effect of debris. It is proposed to develop a mathematical model of the movement of a fragment in the path of which the gabion is located. The effect of gabion as a protective screen on reducing the air temperature near a neighboring oil storage facility in the event of a fire at an industrial site is also considered. A model of the dynamics of a point motion (Newton's second law) was used to mathematically describe the movement of the debris. Numerical integration of the modeling equations was performed using the Euler's method. The energy equation was used to model the process of thermal air pollution at an industrial site during a fire. Findings. In this work, the numerical model was programmed and a computer code was created. The programming language is FORTRAN. The code provides information on the speed of the fragment movement in different parts of each zone. On the basis of the constructed numerical model and the created code, parametric studies were carried out to determine the effectiveness of using gabion with sand to protect the oil storage facility from the effects of fragment. As an approximation, the case when the fragment after the explosion moves horizontally in the direction of the object was considered. The influence of the gabion height on the heating level of the wall of the oil storage facility located at an industrial site was analyzed. Originality. An effective mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of using gabion to protect the oil storage facility from damage by drone fragment. The proposed model allows determining the rational dimensions of the gabion to reduce the risk of damage to the tank wall. An effective computer model of thermal air pollution at an industrial site in the event of a fire at an oil storage facility is presented. Practical value. On the basis of the constructed mathematical model, a computer code was created to conduct a computational experiment to determine the effectiveness of using protective barriers (gabions) on the territory of an industrial site.
Experimental Study of Dust Emission Intensity from the Surface of the Alluvium Beach
(IOP Publishing, 2024) Medvedieva, Olha O. ; Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Mormul, Taras; Buketov, Valentyn
ENG: The paper presents data on the current state of waste storage facilities of mining and processing plants in Kryvyi Rih. They are complex, environmentally hazardous hydraulic structures. When assessing the extent of dust pollution from tailing ponds, it is extremely important to know the intensity of dust emissions from the surface of the alluvium beach. This parameter is the basic one in all prognostic models used to predict environmental pollution. The paper presents the results of experimental studies to determine the wind speed at which the removal of dry dust particles from the surface of the beach of a tailing pond begins, as well as the intensity of dust removal from the surface of the beach for dry sand and wet sand. The experimental studies conducted in the laboratory allowed obtaining data on the intensity of dust emission from the surface of the tailing dump beach. The results obtained by the authors make it possible to more accurately assess the degree of environmental dustiness using predictive models. Тhe data on determining the intensity of dust formation for sand of different moisture content will be useful for determining the effectiveness of dust suppression by supplying water to the beach surface.
Experimental Study of the Intensity of Coal Dust Removal
(Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dnipro, Ukraine, 2023) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Berlov, Oleksandr V.; Brazaluk, Yuliia V.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Oladipo, Mutiu Olatoye
ENG: Problem statement. Industrial sites where coal storages are located are intensive sources of dust pollution of the environment. There is an important problem of assessing the intensity of dust removal into the atmospheric air from polluted areas. Knowledge of the intensity of dust removal into the atmospheric air makes it possible to scientifically assess the impact of contaminated sites on the pollution of the environment and work zones at industrial sites. The solution to this problem can be obtained experimentally. The purpose of the article. An experimental study of the value of the air flow velocity at which the detachment of dust particles from the surface with coal begins and their removal into the air and the determination of the intensity of the emission of coal dust from the contaminated surface. Methodology. The intensity of removal of coal dust from the contaminated area was studied experimentally in laboratory conditions. The research was conducted on coal samples from DTEK “Pavlohradvuhillya”, grade “ДГ. During the research, the velocity of the air flow at which the process of movement of dust particles along the emission source began and the velocity of “detachment” of dust particles and their removal from the emission source were determined. At the second stage of experimental research, the intensity of removal of coal dust from the polluted area was determined. Scientific novelty. The values of the air velocity at which the removal of coal dust particles from the contaminated area begins were determined experimentally. The regularity of the intensity of the removal of coal dust depending on the velocity of the air flow over the contaminated area was obtained. Practical significance. The obtained experimental data make it possible to determine under which weather conditions there is a risk of dust formation and the removal of dust into the atmosphere. The empirical dependence obtained by processing experimental data can be used for a scientifically based assessment of the level of pollution of working areas at industrial sites where there are coal storage facilities. Conclusions. The value of the velocity of the air flow at which the movement of dust particles on the contaminated surface begins, as well as the value of the velocity of the air flow at which the removal of dust particles into the air begins, was determined experimentally. The resulting empirical model can be used to estimate environmental damage due to dust pollution of atmospheric air.
Forecasting Zones of Air Pollution from Solid Waste Landfills
(Український державний університет науки і технологій, Дніпро, 2025) Medvedieva, Olha O.; Dziuba, Serhii V.; Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Kirichenko, Pavlo S.
ENG: Purpose. The work is aimed at developing a mathematical model that allows to quickly calculate the area of chemical air pollution during the emission of hazardous substances from solid waste landfills. The mathematical model takes into account meteorological parameters, geometric shape of the landfill, intensity of emission of hazardous substances from the landfill. Methodology. The two-dimensional equation of convective diffusion transfer of a conservative impurity from the atmosphere is used to analyze the intensity and size of chemical air pollution during the emission of hazardous substances from the landfill. A difference scheme of splitting is used to numerically solve the equation of convective-diffusive transfer of an impurity. The emission of hazardous substances from the landfill is modeled using the Dirac delta function. Findings. The developed mathematical model takes into account the main physical factors that affect the process of dispersion of hazardous substances from the landfill. On the basis of the developed numerical model, a computational experiment was conducted to assess the impact of the landfill on the environment. Originality. On the basis of the developed numerical model, a computer code was developed that allows predicting chemical pollution of the atmospheric wind and the underlying surface in the event of emission of hazardous substances from the surface of a solid waste landfill. The developed model and computer code make it possible to quickly assess the extent and intensity of environmental pollution from landfills, which is important when selecting sites for new or reconstructed landfills. Practical value. The software implementation of the developed numerical model was carried out, and a computational experiment was conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of using the model to solve applied problems related to the impact of landfills on the environment. The results of the numerical experiment are presented.
A GIS Assessment of the Green Space Percentage in a Big Industrial City (Dnipro, Ukraine)
(Sciendo, Poland, 2023) Buchavyi, Yuriy; Lovynska, Viktoriia; Samarska, Alla V.
ENG: Green spaces in an industrially polluted city are extremely important for the physical activity and mental health of its inhabitants. The study aim was to analyze the urban green space dynamics and the greening degree of different functional zones typical for a big Ukrainian industrial city (Dnipro, Ukraine). This article used the remote sensing methods and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the percentage of green spaces in the city of Dnipro, its eight districts, parks, ravines, and sanitary protection zones. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used for map¬ping the urban green spaces within the ravines, parks, and sanitary protection zones. According to our results, 67% of Dnipro city is greened (NDVI >0.3). On average, there are 219 m2 of green spaces per person, which is 24 and 4 times more than the minimum and optimal values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. It was found that the NDVI values were significantly lower in the territories of sanitary protection zones, compared to the other functional zones. The results of NDVI analysis indicate a significant variation of the studied parameter during the vegetative season, with two typical peaks of the green space vegetative activity. The peak of plant vegetative activity occurs in the first decade of June, followed by slight decline for 2–3 weeks, then there is another increase in the activity, reaching the maximum in mid-July. Even in autumn, the photosynthetic activity remains relatively high for most of the urban areas, declining only from mid-October. In addition, a method and algorithm for estimating and standardizing the level of the urban area greening based on the remote sensing methods and zonal statistics tools are proposed
The Green Book of Zaporizhzhia Recovery: A Roadmap
(Ecosense NGO, Zaporizhzhia, 2024) Bikulov, Damir; Vasyliev, Denys; Vorobiov, Kostiantyn; Holovan Olha; Zhavzharova, Tetiana; Karpenko, Andrii; Karpenko, Liubov; Karpenko, Oleksandr; Liashchuk, Olha; Markova, Svitlana; Nosenko, Inesa; Oliinyk, Oleksandr; Prishutova, Hanna; Rohachevska, Yuliia; Seliukova, Natalia; Soroka, Maksym L.; Trehubov, Oleksandr; Yashkova, Hanna
ENG: In this document, experts and scientists analyze the main challenges and priority activities for the green post-war recovery of the Zaporizhzhia city territorial hromada. The paper presents structural and logical recovery schemes as a roadmap for the most vulnerable sectors that were significantly damaged during the full-scale war and are key to sustainable urban development. The document will be useful for representatives* of local self-government bodies, territorial hromadas, international organizations and foundations, civil society organizations, and everybody interested in participating in the post-war recovery of the Zaporizhzhia region and Ukraine.
Hazard Modelling of Accidental Event in Urban Environment
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2025) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Kalashnikov, Ivan V.; Biliaieva, Viktoriia V.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Kozachyna, Valeriia V.
ENG: This paper investigates the impact of accidental event at the gas station which is situated in Dnipro City. The processes of chemical and thermal air pollution were simulated on the basis of developed numerical models. To simulate chemical and thermal air pollution mass conversation equation and energy equation were used. For the numerical integration of governing equations finite difference schemes of splitting were used. Also, the process of fragments scattering which appears as the result of explosion at the gas station was modelled. To simulate fragments scattering Newton second Law was used. To solve the governing equation Euler’s method was used. Results of numerical experiments are presented.
Heat Capacity of Thin Films at High Temperatures
(Інститут металофізики ім. Г. В. Курдюмова НАН України, Київ, 2023) Shtapenko, Eduard Ph. ; Syrovatko, Yuliya V.
ENG: The purpose of this paper is to develop a model, which allows determining the heat capacity of thin films at the temperatures comparable to and exceeding the Debye temperature. The model presented in the paper takes into consideration the anisotropy of vibrations of the corresponding bending waves and wave vibrations in the plane occurring with the decrease in the film thickness. Furthermore, the model is based on the quadratic dispersion law for bending wave vibrations in the normal direction of a thin film and the linear dispersion law for the wave vibrations in the film plane. In order to expand the existing model representations for the heat capacity of thin films at low temperatures, we used the Debye’s method in the integral expression for the free energy. We considered this approach earlier in the model representations of the heat capacity of anisotropic quasi-crystals. Our findings show that the thin-film heat-capacity dependence on the temperature has a maximum and exceeds the heat capacity of a bulk sample. This circumstance confirms the experimental data obtained earlier by other authors. Besides, according to the experimental data collected from the literature, heat capacity of the thin films rises, compared to values of the bulk sample, when the film thickness decreases. This factor is also reflected in the model under consideration, and the calculated dependence of the increase in thin films on the number of atomic layers correlates well with the experimental data. Therefore, the proposed model allows determining the heat capacity of thin films at the temperatures exceeding the Debye temperature with sufficient accuracy without experimental investigation.
How to Achieve the Energy Transition Taking into Account the Efficiency of Energy Resources Consumption
(ACS Publications, 2024) Mykhailyshyn, Khrystyna; Polyanska, Alla; Psyuk, Vladyslav; Antoniuk, Olena
ENG: The study explores the transformation of energy resource consumption centered on energy efficiency within the global energy transition framework. The growing global energy demand, driven by industrialization, urbanization, and rising living standards, has led to increased fossil fuel consumption. This, in turn, contributes to higher greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and other adverse environmental impacts. The study emphasizes the efforts of developed nations to curb these emissions, particularly by expanding renewable energy use, and notes the declining share of coal and other fossil fuels in national energy balances. The Energy Transition Index (ETI) is introduced as a measure of countries’ progress in advancing the energy transition, including efforts to enhance energy efficiency and mitigate environmental harm. The study also highlights Ukraine’s challenges in energy supply due to military conflict and infrastructure damage, underscoring the critical role of energy efficiency in rebuilding the country's energy system and securing its energy future. Energy efficiency is identified as a key strategy for reducing dependence on fossil fuels, decreasing energy imports, and bolstering the economy’s resilience to external pressures.
Identifying Regularities in the Propagation of Air Ions in Rooms with Artificial Air Ionization
(PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER, 2023) Levchenko, Larysa; Burdeina, Nataliia; Glyva, Valentyn; Kasatkina, Natalia; Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Biliaieva, Viktoriia V.; Tykhenko, Oksana; Petrunok, Tetiana; Biruk, Yana; Bogatov, Oleg
ENG: The object of the study is the dynamics of air ion spread in rooms from the source of artificial air ionization under different starting conditions. There is currently the problem of distribution of air ions in the room with regulatory concentrations in all critical zones. An effective method of ensuring proper air ion concentrations is to model their propagation from ionization sources. Existing approaches to calculating the dynamics of air ions of both polarities have been improved in this study. Unlike known solutions, the impact on their concentration of electrostatic field and the interaction of air ions with suspended particles was taken into account. A model of air ion propagation in rooms with artificial air ionization and the principles of its numerical modeling was built. The use of Laplace Equation in the aerodynamic model instead of the Navier-Stokes equation for the potential of the flow rate has made it possible to design an "Ion 3D" tool, which reduces the time of implementation of one scenario from several hours to 7 seconds. Modeling of the propagation of air ions of both polarities in the room under different initial conditions was carried out. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional models with their visualization was implemented. The peculiarity of the resulting models is that they make it possible to determine the concentrations of air ions in any section of the room by three coordinates. Given this, the rapid selection of the variants of the source data makes it possible to achieve the normative values of concentrations of air ions in the area of breathing – exceeding 500 cm-3 of each polarity. Simulation makes it possible to design a room in which, under the condition of artificial ionization of air, the concentrations of air ions close to the optimal values of 3000–5000 cm-3 are provided.
Improving a Method for Eliminating the Spill of Hazardous Substances by Using “Universal Absorbent Cloth”
(PC Technology Center, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2022) Zelenko, Yuliya V.; Calimbet, Nicolay
ENG: In order to increase efficiency and implement the principles of resource saving during the elimination of emergency spills of dangerous goods when transporting them by rail, proposals have been offered to improve the method of localization and elimination of emissions of hazardous substances using the "Universal Absorbent Cloth" ("UAC") The specificity of localization of the emergency emission site and the principles of elimination based on sorption technologies using "UAC" are described. To manufacture "UAC", special equipment (carbonizer) was designed, which provides effective carbonization of raw materials from plant waste at sufficiently low temperatures ≤500 °C. Using a carbonizer, a universal sorbent was obtained, which is subsequently used for the manufacture of "UAC". The total carbonization time of plant waste samples did not exceed 60 minutes. The universal absorbent obtained during the carbonization process was placed in a fabric matrix to produce "UAC" absorbent cloth. Standardized procedures for conducting experiments are described. Studies of the adsorption characteristics of the proposed "UAC" involving various model solutions (Gasoline A-95, 25 % solution of ammonia water, and 15 % solution of hydrogen peroxide) confirm its versatility and efficiency; the degree of purification reaches 92 %. It is proposed to use certain types of railroad cars to transport "UAC" as part of a freight train, which is supported by the corresponding dynamic indicators. Recommendations for the regeneration or disposal of spent "UAC" cloth are provided. The proposals for improving the method of emergency emission elimination using the "Universal Absorbent Cloth" ("UAC") make it possible to minimize the negative consequences of emergency spills of liquid cargoes of different hazard classes and reduce the time spent on elimination operations. These advantages ensure the competitiveness and profitability of the proposed technology.
Interaction Between Economy and Law Through the Example of China: From the Retrospective to the Development Prospect. A Critical Analysis and Comparison with Developed Democracies
(Institute of Society Transformation (Kyiv, Ukraine & Rzeszow, Poland), 2021) Chaplynskiy, Kostyantyn; Sydorov, Oleksandr; Shapovalov, Dmytro; Antoniuk, Olena
ENG: It is generally considered that the keystone of successful economic development of the state is its effective legal system with its priority dwelling upon protection of human rights. However, is this formula operational in the case of China with its authoritarian political regime for which the fundamental law is the will of the party leader? The article investigates how the transformation of the legal system of China has been progressing over the past seventy years and how these processes correlate with the reforms in the economy. Profound cause and effect relations between mental reference points of the Chinese people and the «fragility» of the institution of law in this country have been revealed. The paper presents the results of the analysis conducted in relation to the indicators of socio-economic progress and the rule of law within the country in comparison with similar indicators of nine most successful countries in the world. It is proven that the formal law in China serves as a mere instrument for a farsighted, authoritarian and rigidly hierarchical political system which uses economic levers with the purpose of achieving ambitious goals of conquering the entire world.
Investigation of the Geometrical Deterioration Process of Tramway Superstructure Systems – A Case Study
(2026) Jóvér, Vivien; Major, Zoltán; Németh, Attila; Sysyn, Mykola P.; Kurhan, Dmytro; Fischer, Szabolcs
ENG: Tramway tracks deteriorate over time due to operational loads, environmental conditions, and structural factors. This study analyzes the geometric degradation of Budapest's tramway tracks using long-term measurements. Track gauge and longitudinal level were assessed with the TrackScan 4.01 instrument to evaluate deterioration across different superstructure types. Findings indicate that concrete slab tracks experience gauge widening, while embedded rail systems tend to narrow under similar conditions, with structural design playing a greater role than traffic intensity. Measurement limitations highlight the need for improved monitoring tools. These insights support more effective maintenance strategies, ensuring greater durability and sustainability.
Investigation of the Geometrical Deterioration Process of Tramway Superstructure Systems – A Case Study
(2026) Jóvér, Vivien; Major, Zoltán; Németh, Attila; Sysyn, Mykola P.; Kurhan, Dmytro; Fischer, Szabolcs
ENG: Tramway tracks deteriorate over time due to operational loads, environmental conditions, and structural factors. This study analyzes the geometric degradation of Budapest's tramway tracks using long-term measurements. Track gauge and longitudinal level were assessed with the TrackScan 4.01 instrument to evaluate deterioration across different superstructure types. Findings indicate that concrete slab tracks experience gauge widening, while embedded rail systems tend to narrow under similar conditions, with structural design playing a greater role than traffic intensity. Measurement limitations highlight the need for improved monitoring tools. These insights support more effective maintenance strategies, ensuring greater durability and sustainability.
Kinetic Regularities of the Formation of Composite Electrolytic Coatings Containing Ultradispersed Diamond Particles
(Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine, 2022) Tytarenko, Valentyna V.; Zabludovsky, Vladimir A.; Shtapenko, Eduard Ph.; Tytarenko, Igor V.
ENG: The paper formulates the problem of joint electrolytic co-deposition of metal ions and ultradispersed diamond particles into a metal matrix. It presents the developed mathematical model that describes the mechanism and kinetics of the cathode process, mass transfer of metal ions and ultradispersed diamond particles. A satisfactory correlation with experimental data was obtained. The contribution of the thermal action of laser radiation to the intensification of the process of co-deposition of dispersed particles and metal ions was determined. It was found that the more intense penetration of dispersed phase particles into the forming coating during the laser stimulation of the electrodeposition process is due to the presence of a temperature gradient, which provides an additional supply of metal ions in the irradiation region. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies, we established the regularities of the influence of the number and size of nanoparticles on the strengthening properties of composite metal coatings. It was found that an increase in the temperature of an aqueous electrolyte solution in the cathode region during a laser-stimulated deposition process leads to an increase in the flux density of ultradispersed diamond particles, and, as a result, to an increase in the concentration of the dispersed phase in nickel composite coatings, which contributes to the formation of a finer crystalline structure of coatings, an improvement in adhesion, strength properties and increased wear resistance of coatings.
Laser-Assisted Electrodeposition of Composite Carbon-Containing Nickel Coatings
(G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2024) Tytarenko, Valentyna V.; Zabludovsky, Vladimir A.; Tytarenko, Igor V.
ENG: The paper presents the study of the structure, protective and mechanical properties of nickel composite coatings modified with ultradispersed diamonds and electrodeposited under conditions of external stimulation by laser radiation. An analysis of the cathodic polarization curves shows that the presence of dispersed particles with a concentration of 2-15 g/l in the aqueous electrolyte solution leads to a shift in the cathodic potential to the electronegative region by 108-340 mV, respectively, that indicates an increase in charge-transfer resistance. Nickel composite coatings obtained by laser-assisted electrodeposition are characterized by a higher content of ultradispersed diamond particles in the coating (4.35-5.10 wt.%) as compared to the mode of deposition without laser irradiation (2.24-3.15 wt.%). In this case, the proportion of particles of smaller size (~0.25-1 µm) increases in the coatings. The more intense penetration of dispersed-phase particles into the emerging coating during the laser stimulation of the electrodeposition process is due to the presence of a temperature gradient, which provides an additional supply of metal ions in the irradiation region. Increased concentration of the dispersed phase in nickel composite coatings promotes formation of a finer crystalline coating structure, enhanced hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the coatings.
Mathematical Modeling of Filtration and Geomigration Under Conditions of Anthropogenic Load
(Український державний університет науки і технологій, Дніпро, 2025) Bubnova, Olena A.; Miroshnik, Vitaliy A.; Markul, Ruslan V.; Mashykhina, Polina B.; Tatarko, Larysa H.
ENG: Purpose. The aim of this study is to develop mathematical models for predicting the processes of contamination of the aeration zone and groundwater in the event of leachate leakage from a solid waste landfill. The mathematical models take into account typical hydrological parameters: porosity of the aeration zone, aquifer, filtration coefficient of the aeration zone, filtration coefficient of the underground aquifer, intensity of leachate infiltration into the aeration zone and underground aquifer. Methodology. A one-dimensional filtration equation and a one-dimensional mass transfer equation were used to model the process of infiltrate migration in the aeration zone. The modeling of the process of contamination of the underground aquifer, which receives infiltrate from the landfill, was carried out on the basis of a two-dimensional equation (planned model) of geomigration. For the numerical integration of the model equations, a variable-triangular finite-difference splitting scheme was used. The numerical integration of the two-dimensional geomigration equation is performed using the splitting scheme. The peculiarity of the proposed numerical models is that the value of the unknown function can be determined by an explicit formula. Findings. Numerical models have been developed to solve the complex problem of predicting the contamination of the aeration zone and underground flow in the case of infiltration of an impurity from a solid waste landfill. Originality. Numerical models of filtration and mass transfer of impurities in the case of migration of infiltrate from a municipal solid waste landfill through the aeration zone and into groundwater are proposed. To apply these mathematical models, standard hydrological information is required. The models are aimed at solving complex problems in the field of environmental safety and protection. They make it possible to determine the negative impact of landfills on the environment at the stage of justifying the location of future landfills and their size. Practical value. The proposed mathematical models use standard hydrological information, which is important for serial calculations in design organizations, and can be useful for assessing the impact of landfills on environmental pollution.
Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes in Safety Labour Problems : Dust and Heat Pollution
(Prydniprovs’ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, USUST, Dnipro, 2025) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Berlov, Oleksandr V.; Kirichenko, Pavlo S.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Tymoshenko, L. O.
ENG: Problem statement. The operation of many industries is associated with dust and thermal air pollution. Particularly intense dust pollution of the air occurs during the operation of the mining complex. Intense thermal air pollution occurs during fires. Fires are a dangerous phenomenon at industrial and civil facilities. If a fire occurs at an industrial facility where oil storage facilities are located, a very intensive area of thermal pollution of the atmospheric air arises. This creates a risk of thermal injury to workers and a risk of ignition of oil storage facilities located near the source of ignition. An important practical task arises − reducing the risk of ignition of neighboring storage facilities. One of the means of reducing the risk of ignition is the use of protective screens, gabions at industrial sites. For practice, it is important to determine in advance the stability of such structures under the influence of a heat wave and to assess the "contribution" of these structures to reducing the air temperature near neighboring oil storage facilities. Reducing the air temperature near neighboring storage facilities increases the stability of bulk structures. Solving this class of problems requires the use of specialized mathematical models of aerodynamics and heat transfer. The purpose of the article. Creation of a CFD model for assessing thermal fields at an industrial site in the event of a fire and development of numerical models for predicting dust pollution of the air environment. Methodology. To simulate thermal fields at an industrial site, a potential flow and heat transfer model is used. To simulate the heating of a protective structure (shield), a one-dimensional heat conduction equation is used. Numerical integration of the modeling equations is carried out using explicit schemes. A mass transfer equation is used to model dust air pollution. Scientific novelty. Two numerical models are proposed for a comprehensive solution to the problem of determining the temperature field at an industrial site and inside a protective structure (screen) used to reduce the thermal load on a neighboring oil storage facility. Proposed numerical models for the analysis of dust air pollution. Practical significance. The implementation of the developed numerical models is implemented in real time. With the practical implementation of numerical models, almost all information regarding thermal fields formed on an industrial site during a fire can be obtained. This information allows you to identify areas with an intense increase in temperature, i.e. areas with a significant risk of injury to workers. Conclusions. Effective numerical models are proposed for solving complex problems in the event of a fire at an industrial site and in case of dust emission. The models make it possible to assess the level of thermal pollution of atmospheric air at the site and the effectiveness of using a protective screen to reduce the air temperature near a neighboring storage facility.
Mathematical Models for Water Treatment Problems
(Український державний університет науки і технологій, Дніпро, 2025) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Kozachyna, Vitalii A.; Kyrychenko, M. V.; Skuratov, M. O.; Chirkov, A. O.; Filonenko, H. K.
ENG: Purpose. Assessing the efficiency of water treatment in different structures is a problem of big importance. To solve this a problem, it is necessary to have mathematical models that allow to quickly obtain data on the cleaning effect in different structures. The aim of the work is to develop numerical models to determine the efficiency of water treatment in an aeration tanks, settlers and mixers. Methodology. For mathematical modeling of the process of water treatment in a bioreactor, balance equations were used. These equations allow to determine concentrations of substrate, activated sludge and dissolved oxygen in s structure. The Monod model is used to calculate the substrate oxidation process. To study effectiveness of water treatment process in vertical settler Euler’s equation were used with convective-diffusive equation. To simulate reagent mixing in mixer equation of potential and convective-diffusive equation were used. To solve governing equations finite- difference schemes of splitting were used. Findings. A tool for theoretical assessment mass transfer processes in aeration tank, vertical settler, mixer was developed. Originality. Effective numerical models to simulate water treatment in bioreactor, vertical settler, mixer were developed. Fundamental equations of Fluid Dynamics and Mass Transfer were used to build the models. Proposed models can be used in practice at the stage of «sketch designing». The models take into account the main physical parameters which influence the process of Mass Transfer and are quick computing. Practical value. The constructed mathematical model can be useful during the reconstruction and designing structures for water treatment. Computer programs have been developed to carry out numerical experiment. The results of a computer experiment are presented.
Methodology for Modeling the Spread of Radioactive Substances in Case of an Emergency Release at a Nuclear Power Plant
(National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Kharkiv, 2023) Levchenko, Larysa; Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Biliaieva, Viktoriia V.; Ausheva, Nataliia; Tykhenko, Oksana
ENG: The methodology for modeling the propagation of accidental releases of radionuclides from a power unit of a nuclear power plant has been developed. The calculation method takes into account the most critical factors propagation cloud - wind direction and speed, the intensity of the release radionuclides change: semi-continuous release, long-term release, instantaneous release. Diffuse processes and the presence of interference in the form of buildings were also taken into account. To solve the modeling equation of the aerodynamic model, the velocity potential equation is solved. The use of this equation instead of the traditional Novier-Stokes equation makes it possible to rationalize the calculation process in terms of the speed obtaining simulated data. To build a numerical model, a rectangular difference grid is used. The velocity potential and the quantities values of volumetric activity are determined at the centers of difference cells. The value of the airflow velocity vector component is determined on the sides of the difference cells. A finite-difference splitting scheme is used for numerical integration of the equation convective-diffusion transfer radionuclides. A computer code was developed on the basis of the constructed numerical model, the programming language Fortran was used. The approach used makes it possible to reduce the time for obtaining one scenario of an accident development. The cloud propagation dynamics determining is carried out almost in real time. This allows you to quickly respond to changing situations and make adequate decisions.
Modeling Ground Waters Dynamics and Pollution
(Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dnipro, Ukraine, 2024) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Kozachyna, Valeriia V.
ENG: Problem statement. Large accumulators of liquid waste (e.g., mine water ponds, tailing ponds, etc.) are long-term sources that change the hydrological regime. A negative consequence of this process is flooding of the territory. In addition, the infiltration of contaminated water from such hazardous sources changes the quality of groundwater. Therefore, it is important to analyze the impact of such anthropogenic sources on the process of flooding and deterioration of groundwater quality. To solve this problem, it is very important to use the method of mathematical modeling as an effective mean of researching problems of this class, since the use of physical modeling is practically impossible within the scope of problems of this class. The purpose of the article. Development of numerical models for predicting changes in the hydrological regime (flooding of the territory) and groundwater quality under the influence of anthropogenic pollution sources. Methodology. To assess the dynamics of changes in the hydrological regime, a two-dimensional equation of filtration of a non-pressure groundwater flow is used. A two-dimensional geomigration equation (planned model) is used to analyze changes in groundwater quality during infiltration of contaminated water from the settling pond. This equation takes into account the convective transfer of contaminants in the filtration flow, dispersion, and the intensity of contaminant infiltration into the groundwater flow. The method of total approximation is used for numerical integration of the filtration equation. For the numerical integration of the geomigration equation, an implicit splitting scheme is used. Scientific novelty. Effective numerical models for rapid assessment of changes in groundwater dynamics and quality under the influence of anthropogenic sources that change the hydrological regime are proposed. The constructed numerical models take into account a set of important physical factors that affect the process of geomigration and flooding of the territory, namely: filtration coefficient, variable depth of free-flowing groundwater, dispersion, intensity of the source of impurity emission into the groundwater flow. This makes it possible to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the process of flooding and groundwater pollution.. Practical significance. A computer code has been created that allows practical usage of the developed numerical models. This code is an effective tool for theoretical study of non-stationary processes of territory flooding and anthropogenic groundwater pollution. Conclusions. A numerical model for calculating groundwater dynamics has been developed. The model allows to predict the level of groundwater rise under the influence of a man-made source of wastewater infiltration from a settling pond. A numerical model for calculating the process of geomigration from an anthropogenic source of emissions has been developed. The model makes it possible to predict the dynamics of contamination zone formation in a non-pressure groundwater flow. The developed numerical models take into account the most important parameters that affect the formation of flooding zones and groundwater contamination.