2021

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Humanistic Intention of Dystopia in "The Giver" by Lois Lowry
(Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2021) Muntian, Antonina O.; Shpak, Iryna V.
EN: Purpose. The aim of this piece is to study the manifestations of humanistic pursuits in a literary fiction work. The main interest is related to the interpretation of those existential and sociocultural concepts that underlie the dys-topian novel by Lois Lowry. The theoretical basis of the study is based on works on phenomenology and the theo-ry of reader reception. The method of phenomenology is a descriptive method: the phenomena of consciousness cannot be reduced to limited cognitive forms, and therefore language and means of description are important along with their ability to reveal consciousness through phenomena. Originality of the study lies in the investigation of the humanistic aspect of a dystopian society, depicted in the modern literary fiction. The main attention is focused on the phenomenological identification of existential ideas and their manifestation in the literary characters of the given work. The conclusions speak about the tendencies of humanization and dehumanization of a man and society in the context of philosophical, ethical and aesthetic issues, which are the most important and urgent problems of our time. The current study finds out that in the modern dystopian literature and philosophy, the main subject of atten-tion is a human. This human is perceived and depicted as a phenomenon that cannot be grasped by the notions ofintimation and essence. The human is a creature whose freedom presupposes a constant departure from nature and habitual reality to the realm of transcendent through the desire to comprehend his or her certain way of existence.
Lessons of Descartes: Metaphysicity of Man and Poetry
(Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2021) Malivskyi, Anatolii M.
ENG: Purpose. To consider the uniqueness of Descartes’ way of interpreting poetry as a type of philosophizing that makes it possible to comprehend the metaphysical nature of man. Its implementation involves the consistent solution of the following tasks: a) understanding methodological changes in the philosophy of the 20th century in the process of actualization of anthropological interest; b) argumentation of the importance of poetic thinking for early Des-cartes in the process of addressing modern historians of philosophy and the thinker’s texts. Theoretical basis. I rely on the conceptual positions of phenomenology, existentialism and hermeneutics.Originality. Finding of the study is that poetic thinking is the most authentic way of meaningful comprehension of the metaphysicity of man. The paperoutlines the nature of the expression of this correlation in the philosophizing of the 20th-21th centuries and substan-tiates the thesis about the importance of the poetic principle for understanding the phenomenon of man in earlyworks by Descartes.Conclusions.The paper examined the methodological shifts in anthropologically oriented phi-losophizing of the 20th-21th centuries and focused on the manifestations of related moments in the philosophical legacy of Descartes. The latter demonstrates the existence of a still underestimated version of interpreting the meta-physical foundations of human existence, the form of understanding of which is poetic thinking. It is a form of car-ing for the humane in man.