Кафедра "Філософія та українознавство" (КФУ ФУЕЕП ДІІТ)

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://crust.ust.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21671

UKR: Раніше кафедра входила до складу Економіко-гуманітарного факультету

ENG: Department of Philosophy and Ukrainian Studies
Previously, the department was part of the Faculty of Economics and Humanities.

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Skovoroda on Human Nature SUB SPECIE AETERNITATIS
(Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Dnipro, 2026) Malivskyi, Anatolii M.; Zahriichuk, Ivan D.
ENG: Purpose. The objective is to reconstruct the core tenets of Skovoroda’s "philosophy of the heart" as an anthropological project responding to the call of eternity. Fulfilling this aim requires clarifying his attitude toward the values and meanings of the technogenic civilization whose emergence he witnessed. Theoretical basis. The research is grounded in the conceptual tenets of existentialism and philosophical anthropology. Originality. The research establishes the ambivalent nature of Skovoroda’s philosophical heritage, which synthesizes the temporal demands of his era with the call of eternity, granting unconditional priority to the latter in the thinker’s writings. Distinct from his contemporaries, Skovoroda bases his worldview on religion rather than science, transcending the linear historical-philosophical frameworks prevalent in his time. In identifying the modern relevance of Skovoroda’s "philosophy of the heart", the authors propose that his anthropological project serves as its most concentrated conceptual representation. The philosopher identifies the root causes of the crisis of modern man as the overestimation of science and the resulting nihilism toward religion as a vehicle for the human spiritual principle. Consequently, Skovoroda outlines three prerequisites for overcoming human degradation: (a) limiting the ambitions of science, (b) rehabilitating religion and its personal, existential dimension, and (c) consciously restricting bodily desires (asceticism). The interpretation of the anthropological project chosen by the philosopher largely serves as a form of Skovoroda’s constructive overcoming of (a) those temptations of relativism and reductionism to which his contemporaries succumbed, and (b) an intensified development of a hierarchical model of humanity in which a prominent place is occupied by spirituality. Conclusions. In examining the contemporary relevance of Skovoroda’s "philosophy of the heart", the authors suggest considering the ambivalence of his foundational project and the dominance within his doctrine of a response to the call of eternity regarding human values and meanings. The Ukrainian thinker identifies the primary flaw of his contemporary culture as the naive reception of the First Scientific Revolution and the disregard for the pivotal significance of ethics as the most essential science. Analysing Skovoroda’s "philosophy of the heart" as a doctrine on the factors of the human crisis, the study shows that he draws upon earlier philosophical traditions and turns to the idea of self-knowledge. Like his great predecessors, he equates the mode of existence of the majority of people with sleep, where the latter serves as a synonym for blindness toward the needs of the human spirit (the vertical axis of the human spirit). It is proposed to evaluate Skovoroda’s teaching as a constructive framework for overcoming the human crisis brought about by the overestimation of the natural sciences.