Оцінка інформативності контрастних границь яскравості даних дистанційного зондування Землі при вирішенні геологічних задач

UKR: Описано підхід до побудови та оцінки інформативності карт складності геологічної будови територій, що ґрунтується на аналізі контрастних границь яскравості, тону або кольору геозображень, до яких відносяться космічні знімкі, цифрові моделі рельєфу та растрові карти фізичних полів. Показано, що запропонований показник складності геологічної будови може ефективно використовуватися для пошуку геологічних об'єктів в якості додаткової пошукової ознаки. Побудовано та проаналізовано карти складності для трьох реальних родовищ корисних копалин.

ENG: The article is devoted to the detection and analysis of contrasting boundaries of brightness, tone, or color of satellite images, including geoimages, digital terrain models, and raster maps of physical fields. Often, such boundaries correspond to landscape elements, which, in turn, reflect the geological structure. It makes it possible to use the listed satellite images to solve various geological problems, including the search for mineral deposits. This article proposes a method for calculating a special indicator of the complexity of the geological structure (ICGS) by identifying and processing contrasting boundaries using algorithms. It is believed that the complexity of the geological structure increases the probability of the formation of deposits, so ICGS can be used as an additional search feature. An approach to the construction of maps of the complexity of the geological structure is described, which includes two stages: computerized selection of contrast borders of the geoimage, and calculation of their density within a sliding window of a fixed size. The informativeness (potential usefulness) of the obtained maps was thoroughly investigated from the point of view of their effectiveness in solving the task of searching for interesting geological objects. Criteria based on parameters of histograms of map values distribution, as well as Kendall and Bhattacharya distances, known from the theory of image disambiguation, were used to assess informativeness. The issue of choosing the size of the sliding window, which significantly affects the results, was also considered. The conducted research included the construction and analysis of maps of the complexity of three real areas containing mineral deposits (both ore and oil & gas). Known deposits were used as objects of interest. According to the results, it was established that PSGB maps are more informative compared to the data on the basis of which they were calculated, that is, satellite images and raster maps of gravity and magnetic fields. Thus, the proposed indicator of the complexity of the geological structure can be effectively used when searching for specific geological objects.