Towards Sustainable Urea Electro-Oxidation: a Thermodynamic and Green Chemistry Evaluation of Alternative Pathways

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dc.contributor.authorProtsenko, Vyacheslav S.en
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-27T09:12:23Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionVyacheslav S.Protsenko: ORCID 0000-0002-5959-0426en
dc.description.abstractENG: This study presents a comparative thermodynamic analysis of various pathways for electrochemical hydrogen production coupled with the anodic oxidation of urea, offering a sustainable alternative to the conventional oxygen evolution reaction. For the first time, the feasibility and efficiency of these processes were evaluated using integrated green chemistry metrics, including atom economy and a newly proposed metric, electricity economy, which quantifies the theoretical minimum electrical energy required for the equilibrium formation of reaction products. The analysis demonstrated that urea-oxidation pathways generally require significantly less energy input than water electrolysis. Among the examined reactions, the oxidation of urea to gaseous nitrogen and carbonate ions was identified as the most efficient, with an electricity economy of –4650.83 J mol–1 and an atom economy of 6.4%. However, practical application is hindered by issues such as low product selectivity and high anodic potentials dictated by the redox thermodynamics of commonly used nickel-based catalysts. These findings underscore the need for next-generation electrocatalysts with enhanced selectivity and lower overpotentials to fully exploit the energetic advantages of urea oxidation for green hydrogen production.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUkrainian State University of Science and Technologiesen
dc.identifier.citationProtsenko V. S. Towards Sustainable Urea Electro-Oxidation: a Thermodynamic and Green Chemistry Evaluation of Alternative Pathways. Royal Society Open Science. 2025. Vol. 12. №. 7. Р. 1–12. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250156en
dc.identifier.issn2054-5703
dc.identifier.urihttps://watermark02.silverchair.com/rsos.250156.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA1UwggNRBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNCMIIDPgIBADCCAzcGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMjH68NEr-AFHfkRYyAgEQgIIDCIgXCIhQWkQEdIomQgAY6sVjHnGiQGwJLjSCiwwJ4N6ulKleqRx__MR_0NmkTBdSzIar0zyc3BJT-4-6NI6Y2LGoUTQ4loweBRIT2m7vn8fo9sYla2zChknB7UZfYfIZTazBkqNjSBgjCSIiiiJQo41UerLKHqrBDfjePl73BgPNmi726zSqicLaHWkGHrPBqpZiO4O9Ny1Vfo-0uWtaCsGyl2uwXfXYQSBdBjezvvFdb_kZjDTsO9IuQYWmb7wDyl6-bxTv74lag2kaisHAqM_dW2RyqwcNZlrXc2EjVzbB4s-grhiFehhR6zpYurWehwueFgyiZeNjoMfVMZ9dH1BW535CYUEYa02VtSOpP52GnXm57WaqFankQQ3wI9uqCCSK2l14ZPAOHGt_QLpluzAH4Lo2rECDeKU-9vsb9y2FiQJC5IDoptQl5Jqz6vexOLYXPp2zC1u5DR6KoBH8SSxB_EKOP2R0ZIrFZMXlrfYomlg5sZ0ScHxnWmhs_KagSBUPF-O6rWODkVGHBHc_zCovMDikH5BdQMI2W2WgIU68-iPlh-4rN0UOXB3tZbm7rRoM2m4XEOE2DUE8l18YzI12TXkAhPy8svbXPGPcZUTSo3C3RJHlsdAaBHF3e9zrEW1-LePclcxWqwjGLqby6WQ5l-5QvWfYf5-ds35Z-SOobJWjrC6SL4hXHQ44stVhDdTnfbfhI7muMBRFLnIr_b1EW3iPHWKsNV91d7EeT68D89Dsr2dL7sxnPJHPcX9wV_JCaRFf80v83dm3ney61AgZ73fQ4RbkoUyV7sm2Q3GUV2PNH4uxjSfRAcexsgB63_XefNCV-6mYBvTBqnEhlWRFVDT_otx0Zv8WRc8mwWik-jhErOMSa9QptymBMVQziyb-m1GUoXmMIEO4DsAdqjtkRKXHwG0WtX5gtELuwLKQf5bBqqTtUHDgT64uFCEzX3ljMgRTOMjcvloesP3WePn6I1gLTzhFs3m24Zr8XwFM7rQ2lTp0CS0zdH0hsyaU6QsmI9W5i8_jen
dc.identifier.urihttps://crust.ust.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22087en
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherRoyal Society Open Scienceen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licenseen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectelectrochemical hydrogen productionen
dc.subjecturea- oxidation reactionen
dc.subjectgreen chemistry metricsen
dc.subjectelectricity economyen
dc.subjectelectrocatalyst developmeen
dc.subjectКФХuk_UA
dc.subject.classificationTECHNOLOGYen
dc.subject.classificationTECHNOLOGY::Рhysical chemistryen
dc.subject.classificationTECHNOLOGY::Рhysical chemistry::Green chemistryen
dc.subject.classificationNATURAL SCIENCESen
dc.subject.classificationNATURAL SCIENCES::Chemistryen
dc.titleTowards Sustainable Urea Electro-Oxidation: a Thermodynamic and Green Chemistry Evaluation of Alternative Pathwaysen
dc.typeArticleen

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