Structural Analysis of Joints Made of Titanium Alloy TI-6AL-4V and Stainless Steel AISI 321 with Developed Conical Contact Surfaces Obtained by Diffusion Welding

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dc.contributor.authorKarpovych, Olenaen
dc.contributor.authorKarpovych, Ivanen
dc.contributor.authorFedosov, Oleksiien
dc.contributor.authorZhumar, Denysen
dc.contributor.authorKarakash, Yevhen O.en
dc.contributor.authorRimar, Miroslaven
dc.contributor.authorKizek, Janen
dc.contributor.authorFedak, Marcelen
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-29T09:16:29Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionO. Karpovych: ORCID 0000-0002-0677-5822; I. Karpovych: ORCID 0000-0003-3633-8532; O. Fedosov: ORCID 0000-0002-6269-5288; Ye. Karakash: ORCID 0000-0003-3833-2396; D. Zhumar: ORCID 0009-0006-0381-7114; J. Kizek: ORCID 0000-0003-1035-9415; M. Fedak: ORCID 0000-0002-0389-3073en
dc.description.abstractENG: The object of this study is welded joints of AISI 321 and Ti-6Al-4V, obtained by diffusion welding on developed conical surfaces. The problem of creating bimetallic joints of AISI 321 and Ti-6Al-4V with developed conical contact surfaces, using diffusion welding through an intermediate Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (Cu-ETP) copper layer, was solved. The joints were studied using micro-X-ray spectral analysis, microstructural analysis, and mechanical tests. High mutual diffusion of copper and titanium, along with increased concentrations of Cr and V in copper, was detected. The shear strength of the obtained welded joints is 250 MPa and 235 MPa at 30 min and 15 min, respectively, which is higher than the copper layer’s strength (180 MPa). The obtained results are explained by the dislocation diffusion mechanism in the volume of grains and beyond, due to thermal deformations during welding. Under operating conditions of internal pressure and cryogenic temperatures, the strength of the connection is ensured by the entire two-layer structure, and tightness is ensured by a vacuum-tight diffusion connection. The obtained strength of the connection (250 MPa) is sufficient under the specified operating conditions. Analysis of existing solutions in the literature review indicates that industrial application of technology for manufacturing bimetallic adapters from AISI 321 stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is limited to butt joints with small geometric dimensions. Studies of the transition zone structure and diffusion processes in bimetallic joints with developed conical contact surfaces enabled determination of factors affecting joint structure and diffusion coefficients. The obtained bimetallic adapters, made of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and AISI 321 stainless steel, can be used to connect titanium high-pressure vessels with stainless steel pipelines.en
dc.description.sponsorshipOles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine; Technical University of Kosice, Presov, Slovakiaen
dc.identifier.citationKarpovych O., Karpovych I., Fedosov O., Zhumar D., Karakash Ye., Rimar M., Kizek J., Fedak M. Structural Analysis of Joints Made of Titanium Alloy TI-6AL-4V and Stainless Steel AISI 321 with Developed Conical Contact Surfaces Obtained by Diffusion Welding. Materials. 2025. Vol. 18, Iss. 15. Art. 3596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153596.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153596en
dc.identifier.issn1996-1944 (Print)
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/15/3596en
dc.identifier.urihttps://crust.ust.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20955en
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI, Basel, Switzerlanden
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licenseen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectbimetallic jointsen
dc.subjectdissimilar metalsen
dc.subjectdiffusion weldingen
dc.subjectdislocationen
dc.subjectmicrostructureen
dc.subjectmicro-X-ray spectral analysisen
dc.subjectКЕТтаОПuk_UA
dc.subject.classificationTECHNOLOGYen
dc.subject.classificationTECHNOLOGY::Materials scienceen
dc.titleStructural Analysis of Joints Made of Titanium Alloy TI-6AL-4V and Stainless Steel AISI 321 with Developed Conical Contact Surfaces Obtained by Diffusion Weldingen
dc.typeArticleen

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