Browsing by Author "Zhmurenko, Vitalii H."

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International Trade as a Practical Realizing form of the Foreign Trading Potential of Open Economic Systems
(Publishing Group “Scientific Prospects”, Kyiv, 2025) Zhmurenko, Vitalii H.
ENG: The article proposes a view of international trade as a practical realizing form of the foreign trade potential of economic systems. The relevance of the study lies in the need to adapt foreign trade policy to modern global challenges and the associated changes in opportunities, limitations and conditions for self-realization and the implementation of effective international economic activity. The emphasis is on transformations and transitions “foreign trade potential (probabilistic, unmanifested) → international trade (manifested, commercialized, built into all phases of national reproduction) → self-development and self-reproduction of macroeconomic potential”. It is noted that today the functional purpose of international trade goes far beyond the “generic functions” determined by its essence and place in the global economic system and its market mechanism. It is proven that the multifunctionality of modern international trade is manifested through its performance of a complex of interrelated functions, such as: intermediary, transit, integrative, distributive, communicative, signaling, diagnostic, selective, health-improving, stimulating. As a carrier of a stimulating function, international trade acts as an important mechanism for strengthening the national reproductive potential and its foreign economic component, as a tool for increasing the efficiency of production and the solvency of the population, structural shifts, stimulating innovative activity, modernization of established models of international business. It is argued that through the channels of international trade "external environment → open economic system" influences and signals of different orientations can come. They can adjust the course of the reproductive cycle, resource-nourish or deplete certain structural elements and through them activate transformation processes of a progressive or degrading nature, generate information noise and introduce moments of disorganization or ordering.
Trade Policy Reversion: Quantifying the Diversionary Impact of Non-Tariff Barriers on Bilateral Trade Flows (2015–2024)
(RITHA Publishing House, Craiova, Romania, 2025) Pashchuk, Lidiia; Lvova, Nina; Zavhorodnia, Olena O.; Zhmurenko, Vitalii H.; Runcheva, Nataliia
ENG: In recent years, protectionism has become a hallmark of the global economy and international trade. This study quantifies the measurable impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers on bilateral trade flows among 30 major economies from 2015 to 2024. Employing a panel data gravity model, the paper specifies the logarithm of bilateral trade flows as the dependent variable, with average tariff rates and a non-tariff measures (NTM) index as key explanatory variables, while controlling for GDP, exchange rate volatility, distance, and trade agreements. Estimations are performed using fixed-effects and instrumental-variable approaches to address potential endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The empirical results reveal that a one-percentage-point increase in tariffs reduces bilateral trade flows by 0.12%, while a 0.1-point rise in the NTM index lowers trade by 3.5%, confirming the diversionary effects of modern protectionism. The findings demonstrate that regulatory protectionism exerts stronger trade-restrictive effects than traditional tariffs, particularly in technology-intensive sectors. Policymakers are urged to design adaptive trade strategies that preserve national competitiveness while maintaining open global trade channels to ensure sustainable growth.