Кафедра Автоматика та телекомунікації (КАТ ДІІТ)

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://crust.ust.edu.ua/handle/123456789/697

UKR: Раніше кафедра мала назву "Автоматика, телемеханіка та зв'язок"

ENG: Department "Automation and telecommunications"
Previously, the department was called ‘Automation, Telemechanics and Communications.’

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About Electromagnetic Compatibility of Track Circuits with the Traction Supply System of Railway
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE, 2018) Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Feliziani, Mauro; Serdiuk, Kseniia
ENG: Track circuits are of fundamental importance for the safety in railway systems. Thus, they must be immune from electromagnetic interference (EMI). To this aim they must be accurately characterized. The paper deals with the determination of spectrum composition of traction current with the electric traction. A method of measuring the parameters of track circuits (time and amplitude parameters of code current, flowing in rail lines, an input impedance of a track circuit, characteristic impedance and propagation constant) is considered Automated method of measurement of parameters of track circuits and harmonics of return traction current was elaborated by the car-laboratory. The harmonics coinciding with the code frequency are inadmissible for the track circuits.
About Track Circuit Calculation Method Dependent on Ferromagnet Properties in Conditions of Traction Current Noise Influence
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Zhuravlov, Anton Yu.
EN: Purpose. The work is intended to investigate the electromagnetic processes in impedance bond in order to improve noise immunity of track circuits (TC) for safe railway operation. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the methods of scientific analysis, mathematical modelling, experimental study, a large-scale simulation were used. Findings. The work examined the interference affecting the normal performance of track circuits. To a large extent, part of track circuit damages account for failures in track circuit equipment. Track circuit equipment is connected directly to the track line susceptible to traction current interference, which causes changes in its electrical characteristics and electromagnetic properties. Normal operability, performance of the main operating modes of the track circuit is determined by previous calculation of its performance and compilation of regulatory tables. The classical method for determination of track circuit parameters was analysed. The classical calculation method assumes representation of individual sections of the electrical track circuit using the quadripole network with known coefficients, usually in the A-form. Determining the coefficients of linear element circuit creates no metrological or mathematical difficulties. However, in circuits containing nonlinear ferromagnets (FM), obtaining the coefficients on the entire induction change range in the cores is quite a difficult task because the classical methods of idling (I) and short circuit (SC) are not acceptable. This leads to complicated methods for determining both the module and the arguments of quadripole network coefficients. Instead of the classical method, the work proposed the method for calculating the track circuit dependent on nonlinear properties of ferromagnets. Originality. The article examines a new approach to the calculation of TC taking into account the losses in ferromagnets (FM), without determination of equivalent circuit quadripole network coefficients. When building the FM reversal model in parallel magnetic fields, the most accurate methods are the approximation ones that take into account not only the changes in values and over time, but also their derivatives. The development of computer hardware and software makes real the mathematical methods for calculating TC with significant change in ferromagnetic inductance, including the saturation areas. Herewith, it is important to search for approximating analytical expression that describes the dynamic limit hysteresis loop (HL). Practical value. The changes in the electrical parameters of the same TC were analysed using the classical and the new calculation methods, the difference made less than 10%. The work introduced some measures to increase operational noise immunity of TC.
The Accuracy of Traction Current Harmonics Parameters Determination by Windowed FFT
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2018) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: In the work the correct choosing of the windowed FFT parameters to achieve the necessary time and frequency resolution of the traction current spectral analysis in accordance with the re- quirements of regulatory documents has been briefly overviewed and investigations of the influence of FFT parameters on the accuracy of the determination of harmonics parameters (such as effective current, frequency, duration) have been carried out.To assess the accuracy of determining the RMS current and frequency of the harmonics, a computer study was performed using a synthesized current with known harmonics parameters, the values of which were chosen in accordance with the permissible values of the parameters determined by regulatory documents and standards.For the spectral analysis of traction current, four types of windows were selected: rectangular, Hann, Hamming and Blackman windows with duration of 0.3 and 1 s. For a sampling frequency of 27500 Hz and a window length of 0.3 s, the frequency resolution is 0.27 Hz for a rectangular window, 0.54 Hz for Hann and Hamming windows and 0.81 Hz for Blackman's window, which is consistent with the requirements of the specifications.The results of spectral analysis of traction current showed that the frequency resolution of harmonics, and accordingly the relative error in determine the frequency and the RMS value of harmonics is lower for high frequencies in spectrum.The type of windows used has a slight effect on the accuracy of determining the frequency of harmonics. The relative error of the effective value of the harmonic current was higher for a rectangular window, and relative error decreased in the row from the rectangular window to the Blackman window. The values of the relative error of the RMS current for several frequencies ofthe harmonics did not meet the requirements necessary for the practical use of the method, and this is due to spectrum leakage and scalloping.For windows with a length of 1 s, the frequency resolution of the traction current was higher. than for windows with a length of 0.3 s, and the relative error of the RMS current and frequen- cies of the harmonics were much lower, but even in this case, the relative error was high for individual frequencies .To ensure the necessary accuracy of the traction current spectral analysis with using win- dowed FFT, proper choosing of the spectral analysis parameters taking into account the traction current parameters is necessary. Taking into account a wide frequency range of traction current, a technique with variable window length and sampling frequency for different parts of the spectrum is perspective for using.
Analysis and Research of the Causes and Course of Degradation of Lithium Batteries
(EDP Sciences-Web of conferences, 2024) Buriak, Serhii Yu.; Gololobova, Oksana O.; Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.; Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Voznyak, Oleh M.; Manachyn, Ivan O.
ENG: Energy storage devices based on lithium technology are confidently leading the respective market due to their significant advantages over other technologies in the industry. Despite their relatively recent history of appearance, they managed to undergo many modifications of both physical and chemical components. One of the constant goals of all research in this field is the formation of knowledge about the degradation processes occurring inside a given chemical current source, and ways to influence them. Systematization and identification of the fundamental reasons for the decrease in the performance of lithium batteries still remains a topical issue of today, and therefore is considered in this article. And no matter how studied this issue looks, taking into account the existing many long-term experimental data of a huge number of scientists and a number of different types of companies, but still, optimization of work is impossible without identifying and eliminating as many destructive factors as possible in battery operation. The difficulty of this process lies also in the fact that, taking into account all the high-tech production processes in the world, there are no two identical lithium current sources. On the example of a single battery, the ability to maintain high performance, close to nominal, was demonstrated from a source that, due to its lifetime, should not have had them. The data obtained during the experiment, which confirmed the high performance, show once again that the issue of degradation of lithium current sources can and should be studied further.
Analysis of Operation of Railway Communication Systems
(Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2019) Botnarevscaia, R.; Serdiuk, Tetiana M.
ENG: Actuality. Technological progress, which has rapidly burst into our lives, dictates its own rules. There is a need to modernize the railway infrastructure, which, in its current equipment, built in 70-80 years of the last century, is morally and technically obsolete. Considering the huge volumes of work to be done, we come to the understanding that it is not possible to carry out such modernization in a short time, both from a financial point of view and from a technical point of view. For a long time, you will have to measure with the simultaneous operation of both new and old equipment and ensure their uninterrupted functioning. New electronic equipment introduced in various fields requires careful testing for electromagnetic compatibility. Ensuring safety in the transport of passengers and goods depends on this. So, the scientific work deals with the analysis of operation of railway communication systems are actuality. The object of research is railway communication lines. The main purpose is to evaluate the quality of different kinds of railway communication and the reasons of noise and interference in these systems. It was carried out the follows in the paper: the reasons of appearance noises in the telecommunication channels (radio and wire communications) were analyzed; the main faults in the overhead communication lines and their influence on the quality of communication were evaluated; the electromagnetic interferences in the communication lines and their frequency diapasons were researched; the further ways of investigation and simulation of influence traction and non-traction systems on the communication channels were described. The scientific novelty is in the proposition of use CST simulation to investigate electromagnetic influence of traction and non-traction power system on the communication channels with the 8-poles mathematic modelling. Research will be carried out by the method of direct measurements on existing equipment and collection of statistical data. At the end of the research, conclusions will be drawn about the electromagnetic compatibility of the of old and new equipment of communication systems, and we can say that the issue does not lose its relevance due to the introduction of new types of rolling stock, the modernization of traction substations.
ANFIS Based Detecting of Signal Disturbances in Audio Frequency Track Circuits
(IEEE, 2020) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: The problem considered in the work is concerned to monitoring of signal disturbances occurred in the audio frequency track circuits (AFTC). Track circuits are designed to detect the presence or absence of a train in a particular section of the rail track, and therefore, they are main and safety critical components of an automatic train control systems. Deterioration of the AFTC components appeared during their operation, as well as electromagnetic interference and adverse weather conditions can significantly change the signal current parameters, which can lead to dangerous situations for train movement. To ensure safety of railway signalling system, it is necessary to use an automatic diagnostic system that allows timely detection of appearance of significant disturbances in AFTC signal. The use for this purpose the classifiers with sharp boundaries for input diagnostic parameters and strict rules for signal classification does not allows to reveal incipient defects that arise in the ALSN system. The work investigates the effectiveness of using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and wavelet packet energy Shannon entropy (WPESE) for timely detecting of signal disturbances in audio frequency track circuits. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency of AFTC signal processing using ANFIS and WPESE for detecting of railway sections with unstable or faulty track circuits operation.
Application of Fourier Transform and Wavelet Decomposition for Decoding the Continuous Automatic Locomotive Signaling Code
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2017) Hololobova, Oksana O.; Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: Purpose. The existing system of automatic locomotive signaling (ALS) was developed at the end of the last century. This system uses the principle of a numerical code which is implemented on the basis of relay engineering, and therefore, it is exposed to various types of interferences. Over the years, the system has been upgraded several times, but the causes of faults and failures in its operation are still the subject of research. It is known that the frequency and the phase modulation of signal has a higher interference immunity as compared to the amplitude modulation. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the possibility of using the frequency methods such as Fourier series expansion and wavelet decomposition to extract the informational component of the received code from ALS signals under the action of various types of interferences. Methodology. One can extract the information unavailable in time representation of the signal using the signal studies in the frequency domain. The wavelet decomposition has been used for this purpose. This makes it possible to represent the local characteristics of the signal and to provide time-frequency decomposition in two spaces at the same time. Due to the high accuracy of the signal representation it is possible to analyze the time localization of spectral components and eliminate interference components even in the case of coincidence of interference frequency with the signal carrier frequency. Findings. To compare informativity of the methods of Fourier expansion and wavelet decomposition it was studied the reference and noisy signal of green fire code using the software package MATLAB. Detailed analysis of the obtained spectral characteristics showed that the wavelet decomposition provides a more correct decoding of the signal. Originality. Replacing the electromagnetic relays in the ALS system by microprocessor hardware involves the use of some mathematical tool for decoding, in order to obtain more information about the code. More often than not, as a mathematical tool, the classical Fourier decomposition is used. But because of a number of drawbacks in this method, it was suggested to use the wavelet decomposition, which has a number of advantages and accounts the disadvantages of the Fourier transform. Practical value. The presented method of code signal research can be the basis for developing dynamic model of the ALS receiver and decoder using digital processing module, which will enable to increase the reliability and accuracy of extraction of the code information component.
Artificial Neural Network Based Detection of Neutral Relay Defects
(Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2019) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: Abstract. The problem considered in the work is concerned to the automatic detecting and identifying defects in a neutral relay. The special design of electromechanical neutral relays is responsible for the strong asymmetry of its output signal for all possible safety-critical influences, and therefore neutral relays have negligible values of dangerous failures rate. To ensure the safe operation of relay-based train control systems, electromechanical relays should be periodically subjected to routine maintenance, during which their main operating parameters are measured, and the relays are set up in accordance with technical regulations. These measurements are mainly done manually, so they take a lot of time (up to four hours per relay), are expensive, and the results are subjective. In recent years, fault diagnosis methods based on artificial neural networks (ANN) have received considerable attention. The ANN-based classification of relay defects using the time dependence of the transient current in the relay coil during its switching is very promising for practical utilization, but for efficient use of ANN a lot of data is required to train the artificial neural network. To reduce the ANN training time, a pre-processing of the time dependence of relay transient current was proposed using wavelet transform and wavelet energy entropy, which makes it possible to reveal the features of the main defects of the relay armature, contact springs, and magnetic system. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for automatic detecting and identifying of the neutral relays defects was confirmed during testing of the relays with various artificially created defects.
Audio Frequency Track Circuits Monitoring Based on Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Network Classifier
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE, 2019) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: Abstract. The problem of revealing and identifying of signal disturbances in audio frequency track circuits is considered in the article. Track circuits are a key component of automatic train control system and used to detect whether the rail section is free or occupied. Amplitude-modulated signals used in track circuits have low noise immunity, therefore the power wide-band-frequency interference generated by an electrified railway can cause failure operation of track circuits. To ensure the safety of the track circuits, they are subjected to periodic maintenance with registration of the signal current to the computer and measurements of its parameters. The detection of time intervals during which the interference in the track circuits exceeds certain limit values is performed by simple visual analysis of the recorded signal and is time consuming and expensive. In order to automate the revealing and identification of disturbances in audio frequency track circuits with values exceeding the certain level, a new method for processing the of the recorded signal have been proposed. At the first stage of the proposed method, the segments of a signal with interference exceeding a certain permissible level are revealed using the wavelet packet energy Shannon entropy. At the second stage, for the revealed segment with disturbances, a detailed analysis of the signal should be carried out using the digital wavelet packet transform to determine the type and parameters of the disturbances. For automatic identification of the track circuits signal disturbances, an artificial neural network classifier has been used. As a result of investigation the features of the signal disturbances in audio frequency track circuits have been extracted. The processing of the track circuits signals in accordance with the proposed method show high effectiveness in the revealing and identification of the signal disturbances.
Automated Measurement of Parameters of Track Circuits
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2015) Serdiuk, Tetiana M.
EN: The method of measuring the parameters of track circuits (a time and amplitude parameters of code current, flowing in rail lines, an input impedance of the track circuit, a characteristic impedance, a propagation constant) is considered in this paper. The algorithms of definition of parameters of track circuit (ТС) are elaborated. As a result, the develop hardware-software apparatuses allows you to define by the EMF induced in the two receiving coils separately, the following quantities: the magnitude of the code current for the entire length of the track circuit, the duration of the pulses and pauses for all parcels of code, determine the type of code signal and the type of code track transmitter, coordinate, the length of the TC, serviceability of insulating junctions and electrical connectors. The results of measurements of EMF induced in each of the receiving coils apart, the spectral composition of the noise occurring in the traction network, and harmonic amplitude and impulse noise, the causes of noise in the rail network can be revealed. Algorithm for checking the status of the track circuit involves determining the state of the track circuit and it is carried out on the current curve of the locomotive signalling depending on the coordinates obtained from the measurements. Underestimated the value of ALS current compared with the calculated value indicates an undervalued ballast resistance. The test of offered measuring apparatuses were executed on the Pridneprovsky railway.
Automatic Method for Monitoring the Lower Ionosphere and Lightning Location by Tweek-Atmospherics
(Університет прикладних наук Інхолланд, Голландія, 2018) Shvets, Аleksandr V.; Krivonos, Alexey P.; Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Hayakawa, M.
ENG: A new real-time technique is proposed for automatic identification of tweek atmospherics, distance finding to lightning and estimating the effective heights of the lower ionosphere for the fundamental and higher order modes of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated with the experimental records of atmospherics. Application of a clustering algorithm allowed us to reveal different patterns of variations of the lower ionosphere effective height along different propagations paths. The distance finding accuracy of our tweek method had been roughly estimated by a comparison with independent data from the Blitzortung.org lightning location network to be less than 100 km with standard deviation less than 200 km in the range of distances from 500 to 1400 km.
Choice of STFT and WT Parameters for Monitoring of EMI in Track Circuits
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2023) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.; Nibaruta, Regis; Radkevych, Anatolii V.
ENG: The article considers the problem of the correct choice of the parameters of the short-time Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transform to ensure monitoring of electromagnetic interference in rails in order to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of traction current with track circuits. The problem of correct choice of parameters for the time-frequency analysis of currents in track circuits lies in the strict requirements of the standards for the accuracy of measuring the magnitude, frequency, and duration of disturbances, as well as in the specifics of the measured current parameters and in restrictions inherent in the short-time Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transforms on the accuracy of measuring harmonic parameters. The specificity of currents in rails is associated with a large dynamic range of harmonics, a wide frequency range and the proximity of harmonics in the spectrum to each other, which makes it difficult to distinguish weak harmonics against the background of more powerful ones, as well as in the non-periodic and random nature of current. The paper considers the technology of the correct choice of parameters of the short-time Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transforms. The results of the work were approved during testing of new types of trains.
Classification of Quality Conditions of a Traction Motor Frame Insulation of Locomotives
(Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2019) Kapitsa, Michail І.; Laguta, Vasiliy V.; Kozik, Yuriy
ENG: Abstract. The objective of the article is to determine the quality conditions of a locomotive traction motor frame insulation based on observations over the recovery voltage and classification of a tested insulation wear degree as well as to determine estimates of operating time until the insulation restoration or replacement with a new one. To classify the insulation quality conditions and to forecast its residual life until the restoration, a cluster analysis and discriminant analysis are used based on indicators reflecting the properties of an insulation recovery voltage curve. The study defines an information content received from frame insulation recovery voltage readings as compared with its resistance from the perspective of testing the insulation condition and predicting its residual life. Statistical characteristics of clusters corresponding to the insulation condition stages allow determining the limit values of predicting parameters and estimating the residual insulation life prior the restoration. To classify the insulation condition, an integrated evaluation of the insulation condition quality is proposed. Integrated evaluation is performed according to the recovery voltage curve and is used as an indicator during clustering. An experimental study of the proposed method practically confirmed its effectiveness.
The Comparative Analysis of Calculating Methods for Ac Impedance of R65 Type Rails and Track 1520 Mm Gauge in the Audio Frequency Range
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2017) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: Knowledge of the exact AC rail impedance in a wide frequency range is necessary for designing and modeling audiofrequency track circuits, determining of the traction return current distribution in rails of high-speed railways, testing new types of vehicles on electromagnetic compatibility with track circuits, etc. The aim of the work is to perform a comparative analysis of the methods for calculating of the AC impedance of the R65 type rails of a track 1520 mm gauge in the audiofrequency range. Results of AC rail impedance measurements and theoretical description of frequency dependence of impedance for wires above lossy ground are briefly reviewed. Mathematical formulation of Carson's method and the complex image method proposed by Deri with co-workers for impedance of transmission lines were represented. The impedance of running rails of R65 type and track of 1520 mm gauge have been calculated by using Carson's method and the complex image method. Due to the insufficient amount of literature data concerning AC impedance measurements for rails of type R65 of 1520 mm gauge, the results of calculations for these rails were compared with the measured values for both rails of type R65, 1520 mm gauge, as well as for rails of type UIC 60 with 1435 mm gauge. Calculated frequency dependencies of the AC impedance of R65 type rails are in good qualitative agreement with literature data for rails UIC60 in frequency range Hz... The results for rails of R65 type and 1520 mm gauge calculated according to Carson's method and complex image method differ from reference data presented in literature, and these differences increase with increasing of frequency. Such behavior may be due to error of calculation methods caused by small height of rails above lossy ground and high electrical conductivity between rails and a ground.
Comparative Analysis of Experimental and Calculation Methods for Determination of the Traction Current Harmonics Distribution in Rails
(Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2018) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.; Meleshko, V. V.
EN: The purpose of this work is to perform the comparative analysis of experimental and calculation methods for determination of the distribution of traction current harmonics in rails. To investigate the distribution of traction current in the rails, the special marks ("flags") were set up at a certain distance (100, 300 and 500 m) from the point of measurement along the track. The moments of passing the train past the "flags" were recorded in a computer due to a sound signal from the train, as well as visual observation. The train was moving in the measuring section in a quasistationary mode with an average speed of about 48 km/h. Traction current was measured in circuit of the interthrottle jumper with using an inductive contactless sensor and registered using computer. The distribution of the return traction current harmonics in rails for AC feeding systems were modeled by using the multiconductor transmission line (MTL) model. Some discrepancies in the results of experimental and calculation methods were observed. One of main reason of measurement errors were an inaccuracy in determining distances from the train to the measurement point. Calculation errors were related mainly with using inaccurate electrical parameters of track in model, in particular, the track ballast resistance and the ground resistances. However, in general, the considered model can be used for investigation of the traction current harmonic propagation in rails from train, and their influence on the track circuits receivers for different cases including the variation of the track circuits electrical parameters, as well as the number of rolling stock units in the feeder zone. Such analysis of harmonic in rails is important for revealing the causes of failures in railway signalling system operation under simultaneous affecting on it several factors adverse to safe operation.
The Comparative Analysis of Main Calculation Methods of Matrix Elements' Impedance of 1520 mm Rail Track Gauge in Audio Frequency Range
(Днепропетровский национальный университет железнодорожного транспорта имени академика В. Лазаряна, Днепропетровск, 2014) Havryliuk, Vladimir I.; Meleshko, V. V.
EN: With the aim of comparative analysis of main calculation methods of series impedance matrix for 1520 mm rail track gauge in audio frequency range a brief mathematical formulation revue of two methods for calculation of traction rails' impedance with consideration of earth return current has been carried out. The applicability of Carson's method and complex depth of earth return method for calculations of impedance of 1520 mm track gauge in frequency range 1005 Hz have been con-firmed. ..10 The observed differences of calculated results and measured data may be eliminated by correct choice of parameters in the calculation formulas.
Comparison of Great Britain and Ukraine Railway Systems Based on Their EMC Capability and Electrification Systems
(IEEE, 2023) Adhena, Hafte H.; Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Thomas, David; Greedy, Steve
ENG: In this paper, a comparison based on electromagnetic compatibility capability, electromagnetic interference susceptibility, signalling, and electrification systems of Great Britain and Ukraine’s railway systems will be analyzed.
Consideration of the Upper Error Bound of Measurement Complex in the Analysis of Digitized Signals
(Український державний університет науки і технологій, Дніпро, 2025) Zubko, Andrii V.; Shcheka, Vadym I.
ENG: Purpose. This work aims to: enhancing the reliability of certification tests for new rolling stock by integrating measurement system error considerations into the data analysis process; ensuring a more precise evaluation of compliance with safety and performance standards, minimizing the risk of undetected defects that could emerge during operation; improving risk assessment by reducing measurement uncertainties, thereby strengthening the decision-making process for rolling stock approval. Methodology. Analyzing existing approaches to certifying new rolling stock in accounting for measurement system errors. Developing a method for systematically integrating these errors into the data analysis process to enhance result accuracy. Assessing the impact of this approach on certification reliability and its effectiveness in identifying potential operational risks before deployment. Findings. An improved certification process incorporating measurement system error considerations has been proposed. The study demonstrates that this approach significantly reduces the probability of overlooking defects that may only become apparent during operation, thereby increasing the overall reliability of certification tests. Originality. A method for assessing the reliability of certification test data while considering measurement system errors has been developed. It has been proven that integrating these data into the test analysis process improves the accuracy of predicting the operational reliability of rolling stock and enhances the overall effectiveness of certification procedures. Practical value. The proposed approach enhances railway transport safety by ensuring a more reliable and accurate certification process for new rolling stock. This is particularly relevant in the context of Ukraine’s railway fleet modernization, including the intro-duction of Hyundai Rotem and Tarpan electric trains, as well as Škoda locomotives. By refining certification procedures, this methodology contributes to safer and more efficient railway operations.
Cпосіб управління рухом на перегоні
(ДП «Український інститут промислової власності», Київ, 2018) Романцев, Іван Олегович; Гаврилюк, Володимир Ілліч
UKR: Спосіб управління рухом на перегоні включає контроль стану рейкових кіл та блок-дільниць, на базі яких встановлюють сигнали максимальної дозволеної швидкості на світлофорах, на колії та рухомих одиницях. Отримують фактичну інформацію про вступ рухомої одиниці на дільницю за світлофором з додаткового колійного датчика біля прохідних світлофорів, далі включають подачу сигналу про максимальну можливу швидкість руху на рухому одиницю.
Detecting of Signal Distortions in Cab Signalling System Using ANFIS and WPESE
(IEEE, 2020) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: The problem considered in the work is concerned to detecting of signal distortions occurred in the railway ALSN cab signaling system. The ALSN system is designed to transmit track status information into the train cab and uses rails as a continuous communication channel between track and train. The amplitude and duration of the pulses in the ALSN code combinations are changed over time due to deterioration of the track transmitters and other devices in the signal transmission channel, as well as due to electromagnetic influence of the traction current, rails magnetization, and other sources of electromagnetic interference. Due to distortions of ALSN signals, their decoding becomes unstable, which leads to intermittent failures in the form of temporary incorrect indication at the cab traffic light or to complete failure of the ALSN system. Diagnostic of the ALSN system and the revealing of signals with distortions is carried out by analyzing the signal current, recorded using the railway car-laboratory. However, the use for this purpose of the classifiers with sharp boundaries for input diagnostic parameters and strict rules for signal selection does not allow us to reveal incipient defects that arise in the ALSN system. The work investigates the effectiveness of using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and wavelet packet energy Shannon entropy (WPESE) for timely detecting of signal distortions in the ALSN system. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency of ALSN signal processing using ANFIS and WPESE for detecting of railway sections with unstable or faulty ALSN system.
Determination of Basic Data for the Six-Polar Model of Electrical Tonal Rail Circuit
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, 2016) Romantsev, Ivan O.
EN: Purpose. Development of the model and input data of the six-polar model of electrical tonal rail circuit as an example of the functional units with concentrated parameters. Methodology. For the development of the six-polar model is necessary to form the structure of the object of study, taking into account all the ground resistances of each functional block of electrical tonal rail circuit; form a six-polar model and define the parameters of the rail track filter. Findings. The data make it possible to form a full six-polar model of electrical tonal rail circuit and obtain the necessary dependencies between electrical parameters and current performance of electrical rail circuit. Originality. During the work formed the structure of the six-polar model of electrical tonal rail circuit, method for determining the mathematical model of the six-polar element of electrical tonal rail circuit with concentrated parameters. Practical value. The obtained data will allow optimizing the maintenance costs of the electrical rail circuit and cable network parameters. Further analysis of dependencies will determine the optimal permissible limits of controlled parameters for diagnostics system of railway automation devices.
Determining the Set of Elements for Automatic Monitoring and Diagnosing the Relay Interlocking System
(Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2022) Malovichko, Volodymyr V.; Rybalka, Roman V.; Malovichko, Natalia V.; Honcharov, Kostiantyn V.
ENG: The majority of train movement control within a station in Ukraine railways is achieved by the relay interlocking system (RI). There is no self-diagnosing in RI systems. Therefore, the time spent on failure recognition, localization and correction (especially those that occurred in the RI tower) is significant. Most RIs have been operating for more than 30 years, yielding a gradual increase in the failure rate and, consequently, delays. Failure effects can be reduced by automating the process of failure localization in RI applying the appropriate automatic monitoring and diagnosing (AMD) system. A subset of input signals of the latter is composed of signals from the sensors that measure the states of RI's elements. A large number of RI elements and limitations on the resources regarding the AMD system installation stipulate the virtual impossibility to equip all RI elements with corresponding sensors. The purpose of this research is to determine a set of elements in the tower-located part of RI to be equipped with corresponding sensors intended to be used in the AMD system, considering the limitations on the resources regarding the AMD system installation. In this research, we propose to apply fuzzy logic to consider assessing the appropriateness of including particular elements in the tower-located part of RI to the elements-under-monitoring (EM) set obtained from a single individual (Mamdani fuzzy inference system) or a group (rank ordering) of experts in the field of the RI operating. Research results yielded recommendations regarding the process of selecting the elements in the tower-located part of RI to be included in the EM set, considering the limitations on the resources regarding the AMD system installation. The AMD system development is out of the scope of the current research. Further studies are needed to provide an economic justification of the AMD system operation based on the EM set.
Digital technologies as modern infrastructure for information support of education and scientific communication: the experience of USUST
(Український державний університет науки і технологій, Дніпро, 2025) Radkevych, Anatolii V.; Kolesnykova, Tetiana O.; Soroka, Maksym L.; Rybalka, Roman V.
ENG: This paper examines the experience of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies in employing digital technologies as a contemporary infrastructure for supporting educational and scholarly communication. It presents a concise overview of the Erasmus+ project “Open science supporting vulnerable communities: empowering university libraries in crisis response” (CAELUM), in which the authors are participants and which materials underpin this study. Within the framework of the CAELUM project, the authors investigated the experiences and expectations of users interacting with the scientific libraries of Ukrainian universities during crises. Anonymised data were collected from 72 respondents aged 18 and above, representing diverse roles within the academic community, through online interviews and questionnaires. Responses to five closed-ended questions were analysed using cluster analysis, resulting in the identification of four distinct respondent clusters. Subsequently, a semantic analysis was conducted on responses to four open-ended questions. The findings enabled the identification of four target user groups of university library services in the context of crisis response. This provides a basis for university libraries to organise their activities more effectively by accounting for the needs and interests of these groups.
Educational Demo's for Showing the Influence of (im)proper Installation and Grounding of Filters
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Krakow, Poland, 2023) Botnarevscaia, Rodica; Struzhko, Ivan; Puylaert, Ben; Serdiuk, Tetiana M. ; Leferink, Frank
ENG: The need of implementing low-pass filters to protect sensitive equipment from high-frequency noise, and reverse, increases as technology develops. However, for efficient filter operation, it is important to ensure its proper installation, with a focus on ensuring a secure and stable ground connection. This paper presents setups for educational purposes as part of electrical engineering courses, in order to demonstrate how the performance of a passive filter depends on the quality of its grounding. The designed units are used to measure the filter's insertion loss in various modes: normal mode, differential mode and common mode. Analytical methods describing the operation of the filter and simulation of its performance using LTSpice XVII have been performed to explain the processes more clearly, and to explain the concept of impedance mismatch and modes for filters.
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Power Quality of Traction and Non-Traction Consumers
(IEEE, 2020) Serdiuk, Tetiana M.
ENG: The energy efficiency of power traction system and the power quality of the electric grid are estimated. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) traction and non-traction consumers are investigated. The propagation of traction current is studied as well as the third harmonic. The coefficient of harmonics is accorded the standards on the 110 kV buses.
Emulation of the Work of the ABS Position of the Pulsewired Automatic Block Signalling of a DC
(Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2018) Romantsev, Ivan O.
EN: The principle of automatic block signaling simulation using the example of a pulsewire DC blocking is presented. A simulation of the logical connections of the signal indications of traffic light and their adaptation for the realization of the interaction of one signal point with its neighbors is given. The most frequent system malfunctions are taken into account, their modeling is provided. Selected input and output data, implemented in the Labview, described the interface and block diagram of software.
Estimating the Lower Ionosphere Height and Lightning Location Using Multimode "Tweek" Atmospherics
(Elsevier, 2014) Shvets, Аleksandr V.; Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Gorishnyaya, Y. V.; Hobara, Y.; Hayakawa, M.
EN: There is proposed a new method of estimating the effective ionospheric height of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and the propagation distance of tweek-atmospherics. It is based on the compensation of waveguide frequency dispersion of a tweek signal, which enables us to improve the accuracy of deducing the cutoff frequencies, especially in the presence of noise. An approach to solve the inverse problem is suggested that reduces the task of finding both the source range and the waveguide cutoff frequencies by using the multimode characteristics of tweeks to an issue of one-dimensional optimization. Based on the numerical modeling of multimode tweek-atmospherics in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide with exponential vertical conductivity profile of the lower ionosphere, it was shown that the accuracy of estimating the effective waveguide height by the new method is good as about 100-400. m for the first and higher order modes. It then allows us to estimate the parameters of vertical conductivity profile of the lower ionosphere for a wide range of source distances from a few hundred to a few thousand kilometers, as long as two or more tweek harmonics can be detected. Preliminary analysis of experimental tweek records show a decrease of the effective height with increasing the mode number, and the scale height of the exponential vertical conductivity profile for the isotropic lower ionosphere model is estimated to be in a range of 0.4-2.5. km. © 2013 .
Evaluation and Control of Data Relevance in Information Systems of the Transport Industry Management
(Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine, 2023) Klius, Yu. I.; Prodanchuk, M. A.; Gololobova, Oksana O.; Halan, L. V.; Varhatiuk, M. O.
ENG: Purpose. Analysis of data coming to the information systems (IS) of the transport area (TA) and development of proposals for verification of their relevance to ensure reliability and efficiency of management. Development of the evaluation and control method of data relevance in information systems of the TA. Methodology. Special and general methods of scientific knowledge are used: critical analysis to establish scenarios of the impact of data relevance on the level of effective interaction of the elements of the system and its management; content analysis for stratification of requirements for data from IS and management decisions at the stage of analysis; mathematical formalization for the development of the data evaluation method and control of their relevance, which is proposed as the mathematical base of the algorithm; method of sequential selection for automatic detection of functional dependence, which describes data with a smaller value of standard error. Findings. Proposals to ensure data relevance have been developed. Data and management decision stratification has been proposed which will allow avoiding common errors due to non-normalization of data presentation. The scenarios of the impact of data relevance on the level of effective interaction of the elements of the transport system and its management have been established. For permanent data control, an algorithm for detecting deviations in consecutive data sets, automatic analysis of specified deviations, and detection of univariate and multivariate nonlinear patterns that cause deviations has been proposed. In case of inconsistencies of data with the identified non-linear patterns, the information is checked by the method of evolutionary programming. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated using the example of analysis of the cargo turnover of seaports whose trends are characterized by significant changes over time and across ports. These trends may even have opposite characteristics. Originality. The method of data evaluation and control of their relevance, which is based on the methods of evolutionary (“genetic”) programming, is developed. Practical value. Proposals for evaluation and control of data relevance in information systems of the TA will increase the efficiency of management activities.
Experimental Determination of Basic Data for Probabilistic Research of Electrical Tonal Track Circuit
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2017) Romantsev, Ivan O.; Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: Purpose. Determination of mathematical model with the probabilistic parameters of tonal-frequency railway circuit, leadthrough of the concomitant measurings and their analysis, forming of maximum sizes of the probabilistic states of object. Methodology. At research of the probabilistic states of railway circuit the terms of measurings of probabilistic descriptions, parameters of transformations of frequency-temporal descriptions of signals are certain, the statistical results of the conducted measurings are analyzed, the table of the probabilistic diagnostic is formed, and the probabilistic scopes of diagnostic of the states of tonal-frequency railway circuit are got. Findings. Determination of scopes of premature exit from working condition state of tonal-frequency railway circuit. Originality. Principle of determination of statistical information is presented for the system of the probabilistic diagnosticating of tonal-frequency railway circuit, laws of distributing of parameters and finding of premature exit state and maximum scopes of electric parameters. Practical value. Findings enable to form the system of the probabilistic diagnosticating of tonal-frequency railway circuit.
Fault Diagnosis for Electromagnetic Relay Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Wavelet Packet Entropy
(Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach, 2017) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: In order to fault features extraction for neutral electromagnetic relays of railway automatics, the time dependences of the relays transient currents during relays switching have been measured. The results of measurements, performed for the relay in operable condition and for relays with artificially created defects, were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) and wavelet packet energy Shannon entropy (WPESE) were used for relay fault feature extraction. Increased values of the WPESE of the transient current for electromagnetic relay with armature defects as compared with the value for the relay in operable condition, provides an integrated assessment of the relay fault existence. Analysis of relay transient currents by using DWT and WPT allows to identify the defects of the relay contacts and armature. Defects of the relay electromagnetic system can be revealed by measuring the time constants of the transient current when the relay is energized but the anchor does not move yet, because it is in one of the two end positions.
Features of Design of Tied-Arch Bridges with Flexible Inclined Suspension Hangers
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2017) Samosvat, V. O.; Rongling, Zhang; Hololobova, Oksana O.; Buriak, Serhii Yu.
EN: Purpose. Investigation and analysis of the hanger arrangement and the structural stability of a Network arch bridge – a tied-arch bridge with inclined hangers that cross each other at least twice. It is also necessary to make a comparative analysis with other types of hanger arrangements. Methodology. The authors in their research investigateda large number of parameters to determine their influence in the force distribution in the arch. Eventually they determined optimal values for all parameters. These optimal values allowed developing a design guide that leads to optimal arch design. When solving this problem, the authors used three-dimensional finite element models and the objective was to determine the most suitable solution for a road bridge, with a span of 100 meters, consisting of two inclined steel arches, located on a road with two traffic lanes, subjected to medium traffic. The virtual prototype of the model is performed by finite element simulator Midas Civil. Findings. In this study, for the bridge deck, a concrete tie appears to be the best solution considering the structural behavior of network arches, but economic advantages caused by easier erection may lead to steel or a composite bridge deck as better alternatives. Design requirements and local conditions of each particular bridge project will decide the most economic deck design. Originality. To ensure passenger comfort and the stability and continuity of the track, deformations of bridges are constricted. A network arch is a stiff structure with small deflections and therefore suitable to comply with such demands even for high speed railway traffic. A network arch bridge with a concrete tie usually saves more than half the steel required for tied arches with vertical hangers and concrete ties. Practical value. Following the study design advice given in this article leads to savings of about 60 % of structural steel compared with conventional tied arch bridges with vertical hangers.
Features of Electromagnetic Compatibility in Railway Transport
(IEEE Publication Recommender, 2023) Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Buriak, Serhii Yu.; Serdiuk, Svitlana; Gololobova, Oksana O.; Serdiuk, Kseniia; Skalko, Viktor; Voznyak, Oleh M.
ENG: The paper is devoted to the study of the causes of electromagnetic interference on railways, methods for their determination and combating them. Various approaches to studying the influence of interfering influences in the operating conditions of railway transport are considered. The actual permissible values of the level of interference from various sources currently operating on the railways of Ukraine are given.
Impact of Electromagnetic Interferences on Traction Network: Mathematical Model of Traction Network
(Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2019) Taghizade, Ansari Hossein; Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Mysiv, Ivan
ENG: In Ukraine, almost half of the railway lines are electrified. In railway network, there are automatic devices by w ich traffic of trains and safety on the railway are regulated. However, there are some faults in these automatic devices that can put the passengers and the railway system’s safety at risk. The main sources of these faults are the presence of the stray currents, harmonics, and the electromagnetic interferences. For investigation of these faults, having an accurate model of the railway network is vital. So the topic of research is actuality now. The main goal of this paper is to study the propagation of traction current harmonics on feeder zone (section between substations) and to define the interference on code current flowing in rail lines. Thus, it is necessary to carry out a mathematic model of the traction supply net. Also some scientific work was addressed to determine the traction current spectrum composition and the most dangerous harmonics for TC operations. This paper introduce a mathematical model of the railway network, which can be helpful in analysis of the impact of these faults on the railway network. It was considered as 8-poles for the one-track railway traction. As mentioned before, one of the main steps to investigate the electromagnetic interferences' impact on automatic devices of the railway system is the accurate model of traction network. The proposed model can be used when the electric locomotive current divides into two different current which flow in traction lines. Moreover, a system of differential equation regarding the proposed model was written and a solution to this system was introduced. All rail currents and the return current can be calculated from the above solution. Therefore, the impact of electromagnetic interferences on these current can be investigated.
Improvement of Technical Service of Track Circuits
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE, 2019) Serdiuk, Tetiana M.; Kuznetsov, Vitaliy V.; Serdiuk, Kseniia; Nikolenko, Anatoliy V.; Kuznetsova, Yevheniia; Kuznetsova, Alisa
ENG: The automated method of measuring the time and amplitude parameters of code current and parameters of track circuits (input impedance of the track circuit, a characteristic impedance, a propagation constant) were elaborated. The mathematic model of track circuits’ channel of transferring code current was improved and considered in this paper. The algorithms of definition of parameters of track circuit are offered.
Improving the Positioning Accuracy of Train on the Approach Section to the Railway Crossing
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.; Voznyak, Oleg M.; Meleshko, V. V.
EN: Purpose. In the paper it is necessary to analyze possibility of improving the positioning accuracy of train on the approach section to crossing for traffic safety control at railway crossings. Methodology. Researches were performed using developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio frequency track circuits on a train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all usable frequencies. Findings. The paper presents the developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio-frequency track circuits on the train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all frequencies used in track circuits. The relative error determination of train coordinate by input impedance caused by variation of the ballast isolation resistance for the coded track circuits was investigated. The values of relative error determination of train coordinate can achieve up to 40-50 % and these facts do not allow using this method directly for coded track circuits. For short audio frequency track circuits on frequencies of continuous cab signaling (25, 50 Hz) the relative error does not exceed acceptable values, this allow using the examined method for determination of train location on the approach section to railway crossing. Originality. The developed mathematical model allowed determination of the error dependence of train coordinate by using input impedance of the track circuit for coded and audio-frequency track circuits at various frequencies of the signal current and at different ballast isolation resistances. Practical value. The authors propose the method for train location determination on approach section to the crossing, equipped with audio-frequency track circuits, which is a combination of discrete and continuous monitoring of the train location.
Improving the Reliability of Simulating the Operation of an Induction Motor in Solving the Technical and Economic Problem
(Springer, Cham, 2020) Tryputen, Mykola; Kuznetsov, Vitaliy; Kuznetsova, Alisa; Tryputen, Maksym; Kuznetsova, Yevheniia; Serdiuk, Tetiana M.
ENG: The article is devoted to the control of the statistical laws of linear voltages reproduced on a computer during computational studies on an energy-economic model when solving the problem of choosing protection tools for induction motors operating in workshop electric networks of industrial enterprises with low-quality electricity. Simultaneous and continuous estimation of average values, variances, autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions of harmonics of linear voltages is based on the adaptive approach. The article presents mathematical expressions for correcting the values of statistical quantities with the accumulation of information and proposes structural schemes for a comprehensive analysis of the results of reproduction of random variables and functions on a computer. The results of checking the values of the average values and dispersions of six harmonics of simulated linear voltages supplying an induction motor with a power of 7.5 kW are shown for the conditions of the rolling shop No. 1 of Dneprospetsstal LLC.
An Integrated Approach to Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Management through Accurate Voltage Measurement and Cell Balancing
(IEEE, 2023) Nibaruta, Regis; Venugopal, Prasanth; Rietveld, Gert; Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.; Soeiro, Thiago Batista
ENG: Battery packs have become a critical component in various applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Accurate voltage measurement is essential for effective battery management, ensuring safety and reliability, which is especially important in high-power battery packs that consist of multiple cells connected in series or parallel configurations, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). This paper explores the voltage measurement topologies, pack configuration principles, and implementation of cell balancing in a lithium-ion battery pack. We review the various types of faults that can occur in lithium-ion batteries, different voltage sensor placement strategies, and their impact on the accuracy and robustness of voltage measurement. Our results show that proper cell balancing can improve battery performance, reduce the risk of safety incidents, and extend the battery lifespan.
Investigation of Train Shunt Problem in Track Circuits of Signalling and Interlocking Devices
(Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2019) Razgonov, Adam P.; Zhuravlov, Anton Yu.; Yashchuk, Kateryna I.; Shcheka, Vadym I.
EN: Abstract. The problems of electric track circuits calculating were investigated in the works of various authors, it is noted that there is no complete clarity on the definition of shunt resistance. The value of the calculated train shunt resistance in many respects affects the area of signaling systems rail channel stable operation and train traffic safety. It is relevant to study the possibilities of changing the standard value of and the conditions for the execution of track circuits shunt mode, especially for sections of railway with low resistance insulation of the rail line. The surface area of the “wheel-rail” skating, taking into account the different conditions of interaction dynamics and wear of rails and wheel elements were obtained in article. It is shown that the reduction of the normative value of the resistance of the train shunt is appropriate for signaling systems, especially for sections of railway with low resistance insulation of the rail line. An approximate estimate of the geometric parameters of the membrane that forms on the “wheelrail” surface is obtained; proposed a more complete electrical replacing scheme for the train shunt circuit, which allows analyzing the influence of the circuit elements parameters values and the frequency of the signal current. A method for calculating the correlation dependence of the train shunt resistance from wheel-rail surface membrane parameters is proposed.
Level Crossing Activation Time Prediction in Dependence on the Train Real Speed
(Polskie Stowarzyszenie Telematyki Transportu, PL, 2018) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.
EN: Th e analysis of accidents at level crossings showed that a signifi cant number of them have been occurred at the automatic crossings with signalling lights and automatic half barrier crossings. One of the main causes of accidents is that road users do not obey the warning signals at crossings due to excessive waiting time because real speeds of diff erent trains can vary greatly, while approach distance to crossings is determined for the fastest trains with maximum permissible speed. Th e purpose of this work is the mathematical justifi cation of the method for the level crossing activation time prediction in dependence on the real speed of an approaching train, based on measurements of input track circuits’ impedance at approach section. Th e investigations have been carried out by mathematical modeling of track circuits’ operation modes during train movement. Th e relative error of the method has been determined.
Level-Based Classification of Electromagnetic Effects in Certification Tests of Electric Rolling Stock
(Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, 2025) Zubko, Andrii V.
ENG: Purpose. To develop a conceptual framework for interpreting the results of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) certification tests of electric rolling stock using a multi-level classification system. The study aims to establish a structured method for distinguishing different states of electromagnetic influence based on measured parameters of amplitude and duration, thereby improving the representation and understanding of test data within existing certification procedures. Methodology. Existing approaches to electromagnetic compatibility testing and data interpretation in railway applications were analyzed to identify limitations in differentiating levels of electromagnetic influence. A structured method for precise classification is proposed, based on normalized comparison of interference characteristics. The developed framework defines transition zones between safe and potentially critical operating conditions and allows flexible adaptation of threshold parameters depending on test conditions. This ensures compliance with certification requirements while enhancing the diagnostic depth and informativeness of the results. Findings. A multi-level classification system for electromagnetic interference has been developed, providing a comprehensive representation of EMC test results. The approach enables identification of transitional states and trends toward critical operating conditions that are not detectable under a dichotomous evaluation scheme. It allows a more accurate interpretation of test outcomes, supports early diagnostics of instability, and provides a quantitative basis for assessing the operational resilience of railway systems. Originality. A systematic, multi-level framework for interpreting EMC test results of electric rolling stock has been developed. Unlike conventional methods limited to threshold verification, the proposed approach accounts for the dynamics of parameter variations and their interdependencies, enabling predictive analysis and a more complete understanding of electromagnetic behavior under various operating conditions. Practical value. The developed methodology enhances the accuracy, transparency, and reliability of certification testing for electric locomotives, multiple-unit trains, and other electrically powered rolling stock. It contributes to safer and more efficient railway operation by providing engineers and certification authorities with a comprehensive analytical framework for assessing electromagnetic compatibility. The approach is applicable for optimizing design solutions, refining certification criteria, and supporting the modernization of railway infrastructure.