Проблеми та перспективи постачання палива в Україну в період воєнного стану

UKR: Одним з найпотрібніших продуктів в Україні на сьогодні є нафтопродукти. Процес перевезення має безліч обмежень і вимог. Здійснюючи перевезення продуктів переробки нафти, існує небезпека нанести негативний вплив навколишньому середовищу – виток рідини може створити екологічну проблему для певної території. Транспортування нафтовміщуючих вантажів в Україну, під час військового стану, здійснюється мультимодальним транспортом, а саме, автомобільний, морський і залізничний види транспорту. Авторами здійснено огляд актуальних проблем та задач організації вантажних перевезень нафтопродуктів в Україну та аналіз тенденцій, пов'язаних з використанням транспортного комплексу.

ENG: One of the most popular products in Ukraine today is petroleum products. The transportation process has many restrictions and requirements. When transporting petroleum products, there is a risk of having a negative impact on the environment - a liquid leak can create an environmental problem for a certain territory. Transportation of oil-containing cargo to Ukraine during martial law is carried out by multimodal transport, namely, road, sea and rail modes of transport. The authors reviewed the current problems and tasks of organizing cargo transportation of petroleum products to Ukraine and analyzed trends related to the use of the transport complex. Using a systems analysis, methods were proposed for assessing existing problems and tasks, and the actual definition of environmental issues in the transportation of petroleum products during martial law was also presented. At the same time, energy redistribution processes are taken into account in the form of specific and generalized efficiency indicators that can be used to meet the needs of multimodal transportation. Based on the considered and analyzed problems and trends in the operation of transport systems, recommendations have been developed for comprehensively solving transport planning tasks, improving safety, and reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment for further dissemination of the most successful solutions in each of the areas of transportation. Solving problems arising in the field of supply chain management is critically important for the stable functioning of the state. The war has made significant adjustments to the usual way of life, destroying ties between people and business, and also led to significant economic losses. Since imports now occur mostly across the border of Ukraine with European countries, new supply chains have begun to be built in the western regions and transport hubs have been created for receiving, distributing and grouping cargo and transporting it to the central, northern and eastern regions.