2016

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://crust.ust.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4668

Browse

Now showing 1 - 40 of 98

1 (61) випуск. Наука та прогрес транспорту
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016)
UK: У статтях наведені наукові дослідження, виконані авторами в Дніпропетровському національному університеті залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна та інших організаціях. Статті присвячені вирішенню актуальних питань залізничного транспорту по наступних напрямках: автоматизовані системи управління на транспорті, екологія на транспорті, економіка та управління, експлуатація та ремонт засобів транспорту, залізнична колія, матеріалознавство, інформаційно-комунікаційні технології та математичне моделювання, рухомий склад і тяга поїздів, транспортне будівництво. Вісник становить інтерес для працівників науково-дослідних організацій, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, докторантів, аспірантів, магістрантів та інженерно-технічних працівників.
2 (62) випуск. Наука та прогрес транспорту
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016)
UK: У статтях наведені наукові дослідження, виконані авторами в Дніпропетровському національному університеті залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна та інших організаціях. Статті присвячені вирішенню актуальних питань залізничного транспорту по наступних напрямках: екологія на транспорті, економіка та управління, експлуатація та ремонт засобів транспорту, залізнична колія, матеріалознавство, інформаційно-комунікаційні технології та математичне моделювання, рухомий склад і тяга поїздів, транспортне будівництво. Вісник становить інтерес для працівників науково-дослідних організацій, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, докторантів, аспірантів, магістрантів та інженерно-технічних працівників.
3 (63) випуск. Наука та прогрес транспорту
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016)
UK: У статтях наведені наукові дослідження, виконані авторами в Дніпропетровському національному університеті залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна та інших організаціях. Статті присвячені вирішенню актуальних питань залізничного транспорту по наступних напрямках: наука та прогрес транспорту, матеріалознавство, екологія на транспорті, економіка та управління, експлуатація та ремонт засобів транспорту, залізнична колія, інформаційно-комунікаційні технології та математичне моделювання, рухомий склад і тяга поїздів, транспортне будівництво. Вісник становить інтерес для працівників науково-дослідних організацій, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, докторантів, аспірантів, магістрантів та інженерно-технічних працівників.
4 (64) випуск. Наука та прогрес транспорту
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016)
UK: У статтях наведені наукові дослідження, виконані авторами в Дніпропетровському національному університеті залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна та інших організаціях. Статті присвячені вирішенню актуальних питань залізничного транспорту по наступних напрямках: екологія на транспорті, експлуатація та ремонт засобів транспорту, матеріалознавство, залізнична колія, інформаційно-комунікаційні технології та математичне моделювання, рухомий склад і тяга поїздів, транспортне будівництво. Вісник становить інтерес для працівників науково-дослідних організацій, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, докторантів, аспірантів, магістрантів та інженерно-технічних працівників.
5 (65) випуск. Наука та прогрес транспорту
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016)
UK: У статтях наведені наукові дослідження, виконані авторами в Дніпропетровському національному університеті залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна та інших організаціях. Статті присвячені вирішенню актуальних питань залізничного транспорту по наступних напрямках: автоматизовані системи управління на транспорті, екологія на транспорті, експлуатація та ремонт засобів транспорту, матеріалознавство, залізнична колія, інформаційно-комунікаційні технології та математичне моделювання, рухомий склад і тяга поїздів, транспортне будівництво. Вісник становить інтерес для працівників науково-дослідних організацій, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, докторантів, аспірантів, магістрантів та інженерно-технічних працівників.
6 (66) випуск. Наука та прогрес транспорту
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016)
UK: У статтях наведені наукові дослідження, виконані авторами в Дніпропетровському національному університеті залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна та інших організаціях. Статті присвячені вирішенню актуальних питань залізничного транспорту по наступних напрямках: автоматизовані системи управління на транспорті, екологія на транспорті, експлуатація та ремонт засобів транспорту, матеріалознавство, залізнична колія, інформаційно-комунікаційні технології та математичне моделювання, нетрадиційні види транспорту, машини та механізми, транспортне будівництво. Вісник становить інтерес для працівників науково-дослідних організацій, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, докторантів, аспірантів, магістрантів та інженерно-технічних працівників.
About Track Circuit Calculation Method Dependent on Ferromagnet Properties in Conditions of Traction Current Noise Influence
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Zhuravlov, Anton Yu.
EN: Purpose. The work is intended to investigate the electromagnetic processes in impedance bond in order to improve noise immunity of track circuits (TC) for safe railway operation. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the methods of scientific analysis, mathematical modelling, experimental study, a large-scale simulation were used. Findings. The work examined the interference affecting the normal performance of track circuits. To a large extent, part of track circuit damages account for failures in track circuit equipment. Track circuit equipment is connected directly to the track line susceptible to traction current interference, which causes changes in its electrical characteristics and electromagnetic properties. Normal operability, performance of the main operating modes of the track circuit is determined by previous calculation of its performance and compilation of regulatory tables. The classical method for determination of track circuit parameters was analysed. The classical calculation method assumes representation of individual sections of the electrical track circuit using the quadripole network with known coefficients, usually in the A-form. Determining the coefficients of linear element circuit creates no metrological or mathematical difficulties. However, in circuits containing nonlinear ferromagnets (FM), obtaining the coefficients on the entire induction change range in the cores is quite a difficult task because the classical methods of idling (I) and short circuit (SC) are not acceptable. This leads to complicated methods for determining both the module and the arguments of quadripole network coefficients. Instead of the classical method, the work proposed the method for calculating the track circuit dependent on nonlinear properties of ferromagnets. Originality. The article examines a new approach to the calculation of TC taking into account the losses in ferromagnets (FM), without determination of equivalent circuit quadripole network coefficients. When building the FM reversal model in parallel magnetic fields, the most accurate methods are the approximation ones that take into account not only the changes in values and over time, but also their derivatives. The development of computer hardware and software makes real the mathematical methods for calculating TC with significant change in ferromagnetic inductance, including the saturation areas. Herewith, it is important to search for approximating analytical expression that describes the dynamic limit hysteresis loop (HL). Practical value. The changes in the electrical parameters of the same TC were analysed using the classical and the new calculation methods, the difference made less than 10%. The work introduced some measures to increase operational noise immunity of TC.
Analysis of Influence of Design Characteristics of Inclined Bucket Elevator on the Power of Its Drive
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Bohomaz, Volodymyr M.; Borenko, Mykola V.; Patsanovskyi, S. V.; Tkachov, O. O.
ENG: Purpose. One of the main elements of the inclined belt bucket elevators is their drive. To determine the drive power, it is necessary to carry out calculations according to standard methods, which are described in the modern literature. The basic design parameters are the productivity, lifting height, type and properties of the transported material, the angle of inclination. It is necessary to build a parametric dependence of the driving power of the elevator on its design parameters, which takes into account the standard sizes and types of buckets and belts. Methodology. Using the methodology of traction calculation of inclined belt bucket elevator there were built parametric dependences of efforts in specific points of the route of the elevator, as well as the parametric dependences of the drive power of high-speed elevators with deep and shallow buckets on their design parameters and characteristics. Findings. On the basis of constructed parametric dependencies, it was found that the function of changing the value of the elevator’s power from design capacity (at fixed lifting height, type of cargo, belt speed) is piecewise constant and monotonically increasing. It was built a graphical representation of elevator drive power on the angle of its inclination within acceptable limits of change. The resulting relationship is non-linear and monotonically decreasing. In general terms the intervals of project performance values, which provide a constant value of drive power of inclined elevator were defined. As an example of the obtained results it was observed the process of dependence construction of the drive power on design capacity and inclination angle of the elevator for transporting the fine coal. Originality. For the first time there were constructed the parametric dependences of drive power of inclined bucket elevator on its design parameters that take into account the standard sizes and types of buckets and belts. Practical value. Using the constructed dependencies enables relatively quick determination of the approximate value of the drive power of high-speed inclined elevators with deep and shallow buckets at the design stage and highquality selection of its basic elements in the design of specific characteristics: type of cargo, productivity, lifting height, angle of inclination.
Application of APM WinMachine Software for Design and Calculations in Mechanical Engineering
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Neduzha, Larysa; Shvets, Anzhela O.
EN: Purpose. To conduct the research at all stages of design, development, operation, residual operation life determination, namely, preliminary study, action principle choice, design of draft and technical projects, their optimization, preparation of design documentation and control information for automated production, comprehensive engineering analysis, it is required to use the latest computer technologies. Their use can not only present data and information in some way, but also gives the opportunity to effectively and directly interact with the information object that is created or demonstrated. Methodology. To perform engineering calculations associated with the analysis of the strength of machines, mechanisms, constructions one uses both analytical and numerical methods in practice. The most common method for analysing the stress-strain state of object models, obtaining their dynamic and stability characteristics at constant and variable modes of external load is the finite element method, which is implemented in many famous and widespread software products, providing strength calculation of models of machines, mechanisms and structures. Findings. The use of modern software for designing machine parts and various types of their joints and for strength analysis of structures is justified. Colour charts for distribution of stresses, displacement, internal efforts, safety factor and others allow accurate and quick identification of the most dangerous places in the structure. The program also provides an opportunity to «look» inside the elements and see the resulting distribution of internal force factors. Originality. The paper considered the aspects, which are unexplored at present, associated with the current state and prospects of development of industrial production, the use of software package for design and calculations in the mechanical industry. The result of the work is the justification of software application for solving problems that are aimed at using research findings for various practical tasks in specific fields of mechanical engineering. Practical value. Compared with other software systems, popularity of the considered one is explained by easy mastering of the system, quick implementation both in training and in production process The organizational structure, «friendly» graphical interface and accessible language make learning and use of the program very convenient. These and other factors actually reduce the time for project implementation, emphasize the relevance and the practical importance of the software system, which is appreciated by its users.
Atmosphere Protection in Case of Emergency During Transportation of Dangerous Cargo
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Berlov, Oleksandr V.
EN: Purpose. The paper highlights the development of numerical models for prediction of atmospheric pollution in case of burning of the solid rocket propellant in a railway car, situated near the building on railway territory. These models can be used in predicting the effectiveness of neutralization upon the atmosphere protection for this type of accidents. Methodology. To solve this problem the numerical models based on the use of Navier-Stokes equations, to determine the velocity field of the wind flow near cars and buildings, and contaminants-transfer equations in the atmosphere were developed. For the numerical integration of pollutant transport equation was used implicit «change – triangle» difference scheme. When constructing a difference scheme physical and geometric cleavage of the transfer equation is carried out in four steps. Unknown value of pollutant concentration at each step of cleavage is determined by the explicit scheme – the method of «point-to-point computation». For the numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations are used implicit difference schemes. When carrying out computing experiment also takes into account: the velocity profile of wind flow; interaction between the building and the wind flow and flame jet of solid rocket propellant; the presence of a railroad car; inside which there is a source of pollution; instability of pollutant emissions. On the basis of constructed numerical models was performed the computer experiment for assessing the level of air pollution at dangerous cargo rail transportation in case of emergency at railway territory.The application calculations for the timely combustion products neutralization of solid rocket propellant were carried out. Findings. The numerical models that let promptly calculate air contamination in case of emergency during solid rocket propellant transportation, as well as calculate the rational parameters of pollutant neutralization process were developed by the researcher. These models can be used for routine calculations of various accident scenarios simulation. Originality. Numerical models were developed; they take into account significant factors, influencing the pollutant dispersion process in the atmosphere. On their base a pollutant neutralization method was offered in emergency situations on the railway transport. Practical value. Efficient numerical models, so called «diagnostic models» were considered for the rapid calculation of the air pollution level and air protection technology in emergency situations, in particular, in the case of railway transportation the solid rocket propellant.
CFD моделирование аэроионного режима в рабочих зонах в условиях искусcтвенной ионизации воздуха
(Днепропетровский национальный университет железнодорожного транспорта имени академика В. Лазаряна, Днипропетровск, 2016) Беляев, Николай Николаевич; Цыганкова, Светлана Григорьевна
RU: Цель. Работа предполагает создание CFD модели расчета аэроионного режима в помещениях и в рабочих зонах при искусственной ионизации воздуха путем установки ионизатора внутри помещения с учетом наиболее существенных физических факторов, оказывающих влияние на формирование концентрационного поля аэроионов. Методика. Предложенная CFD модель расчета аэроионного режима в рабочих зонах при искусственной ионизации воздуха путем установки ионизатора внутри помещения основана на применении уравнений аэродинамики, электростатики и массопереноса. Уравнение массопереноса учитывает взаимодействие ионов различной полярности друг с другом и с частицами пыли. Расчет скорости движения воздушных потоков в помещении осуществлялся на основе модели потенциального течения, для чего было использовано уравнение Лапласа для функции тока. Для расчета дрейфа заряженных частиц под действием электрического поля использовалось уравнение Пуассона для электрического потенциала. При моделировании учитывались: 1) влияние геометрических характеристик рабочей зоны; 2) местоположение отверстий приточно-вытяжной вентиляции; 3) расстановка мебели и оборудования; 4) режим воздухообмена в помещении; 5) наличие препятствий в процессе рассеивания аэроионов; 6) конкретное место эмиссии частиц пыли и ионов различной полярности и их взаимодействие в помещении и в рабочих зонах. Результаты. Разработанная CFD модель позволяет определить концентрацию отрицательных ионов в помещении и в зоне расположения органов дыхания человека. Распределение концентрации отрицательных аэроионов представлено в виде изолиний концентрационного поля. Научная новизна. Авторами создана 2D CFD модель для расчета аэроионного режима в рабочих зонах, предоставляющая возможность определять концентрационное поле аэроионов в заданном месте в помещении. Предложенная модель разработана с учетом: размещения мебели и оборудования в помещении; геометрических характеристик помещения; местоположения источников эмиссии пыли и ионов различной полярности; физических процессов, влияющих на формирование концентрационного поля аэроионов. Практическая значимость. Полученная 2D CFD модель для расчета аэроионного режима в рабочих зонах позволит рассчитывать концентрацию аэроионов в месте расположения дыхательных органов человека с учетом основных физических факторов, определяющих формирование концентрационных полей аэроионов. Это даст возможность рационально расположить ионизаторы в рабочих помещениях для создания комфортных условий работы персонала.
Complex of Numerical Models for Computation of Air Ion Concentration in Premises
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Tsygankova, Svetlana G.
EN: Purpose. The article highlights the question about creation the complex numerical models in order to calculate the ions concentration fields in premises of various purpose and in work areas. Developed complex should take into account the main physical factors influencing the formation of the concentration field of ions, that is, aerodynamics of air jets in the room, presence of furniture, equipment, placement of ventilation holes, ventilation mode, location of ionization sources, transfer of ions under the electric field effect, other factors, determining the intensity and shape of the field of concentration of ions. In addition, complex of numerical models has to ensure conducting of the express calculation of the ions concentration in the premises, allowing quick sorting of possible variants and enabling «enlarged» evaluation of air ions concentration in the premises. Methodology. The complex numerical models to calculate air ion regime in the premises is developed. CFD numerical model is based on the use of aerodynamics, electrostatics and mass transfer equations, and takes into account the effect of air flows caused by the ventilation operation, diffusion, electric field effects, as well as the interaction of different polarities ions with each other and with the dust particles. The proposed balance model for computation of air ion regime indoors allows operative calculating the ions concentration field considering pulsed operation of the ionizer. Findings. The calculated data are received, on the basis of which one can estimate the ions concentration anywhere in the premises with artificial air ionization. An example of calculating the negative ions concentration on the basis of the CFD numerical model in the premises with reengineering transformations is given. On the basis of the developed balance model the air ions concentration in the room volume was calculated. Originality. Results of the air ion regime computation in premise, which is based on numerical 2D CFD model and balance model, are presented. Practical value. A numerical CFD model and balance model for the computation of air ion regime allow calculating the ions concentration in the premises in the conditions of artificial air ionization taking into account the main physical factors determining the formation of ions concentration fields.
Controlling the Speed of Rolling Cuts in Conditions of Reduction of Brake Power of Car Retarders
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Kozachenko, Dmytro M.; Bobrovskyi, Volodymyr I.; Grevtsov, Serhii V.; Berezovyi, Mykola I.
ENG: Purpose. The study aims to develop the requirements for organization of the marshalling process in the conditions when the power of retarder positions is less than the nominal one. Methodology. The research is carried out using the train traffic safety theory and mathematical modelling of hump processes. Findings. The current technical standard documents regulating the operational performance of humps do not contain direct instructions on how to proceed in the event of brake power loss by car retarders, thus creating threats to the traffic safety. This problem is quite acute for the Ukrainian railways in connection with a chronic shortage of funds for the repair and renewal of technical equipment, including the humps. At the same time, a significant drop in the volume of work leads to the fact that the hump required processing capacity can be provided in case of partial failure of retarders as well. Herewith the most important task is to ensure the breaking-up safety in conditions of parametric failures of retarders. The analysis of dangerous situations, the occurrence of which is possible at humps, as well as the modelling of cut rolling, allowed establishing the connection between the value of retarder tire pressing force on the car wheels and the breaking-up modes, providing the safety of marshalling process. The paper sets the application areas of such measures as the breaking-up speed reduction, breaking-up termination, the use of additional braking by block hangers. Originality. The originality of the work lies in the fact that it first obtained the complex of dependencies that determine the performance requirements for the power of hump retarders and allow the staff to enter the appropriate limits for breaking-up modes to ensure the marshalling process safety. Practical value. The results of the research can be used to supplement the «Instruction on the maintenance of facilities of mechanized and automated humps» in order to determine the limits of breaking-up modes when detecting the reduction of retarder power below the nominal one.
Dependence of Air Spring Parameters on Throttle Resistance
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Reidemeister, Alexey G.; Kivisheva, Anastasiia V.
EN: Purpose. In this paper it is necessary to conduct: 1) research and analyse the influence of throttle element pneumatic resistance on elastic and damping parameters of air spring; 2) to obtain the dependence of air spring parameters on throttle element pneumatic resistance value. Methodology. The work presents the elaborated model of the air spring as a dynamic system with three phase coordinates (cylinder pressure, auxiliary reservoir pressure, cylinder air mass). Stiffness and viscosity coefficients were determined on the basis of system response to harmonic kinematic disturbance. The data for the analysis are obtained by changing the capacity of the connecting element and the law of pressure variation between the reservoir and the cylinder. The viscosity coefficient is regarded as the viscosity ratio of the hydraulic damper, which for one oscillation cycle consumes the same energy as the air spring. The process of air condition change inside the cylinder (reservoir) is considered to be adiabatic; the mass air flow through the connecting element depends on the pressure difference. Findings. We obtained the curves for spring viscosity and stiffness coefficients dependence on the throttle resistance at three different laws, linking airflow through the cylinder with the pressure difference in cylinder and reservoir. At both maximum and minimum limiting resistance values the spring viscosity tends to zero, reaching its peak in the mean resistance values. Stiffness increases monotonically with increasing resistance, tends to the limit corresponding to the absence of an auxiliary reservoir (at high resistance) and the increase in cylinder volume by the reservoir volume (at low resistance). Originality. The designed scheme allows determining the optimal parameters of elastic and damping properties of the pneumatic system as function of the throttle element air resistance. Practical value. The ability to predict the parameters of elastic and damping properties of the pneumatic system as function of the throttle element air resistance will improve the running performance of carriages, the comfort of passenger transportation and reduce the wear of the rolling stock and the track caused by interaction of carriage and rails.
Development of Passenger Traffic Service Quality Management System of Railway Enterprises
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Rudenko, Maryna V.
EN: Purpose. At the present stage of development of Ukraine’s economy, passenger traffic service quality management of railway enterprises became one of the main tasks to ensure their efficient operation. In terms of railway reforms and increased competition in the transport market, the discrepancies between the technological level of traffic and the growing needs of society and the quality standards of transport services, the priority is the establishment of quality management system for passenger traffic services in rail transport. This question should be considered in the paper. Methodology. To achieve this goal and ensure a high quality level of passenger traffic services in rail transport, which involves a combination of approaches to the position of consumers (determination of their satisfaction) and railway enterprises (measurement of results and formation processes of service quality), the paper proposed a passenger traffic service quality management system. The proposed methodical approach to formation of the passenger traffic service quality management system in rail transport implements a principally new scheme of interaction of elements during provision of services, where the inter-related resources (human, material, financial, information), means, instruments and processes result in creation of quality transport service. Findings. The efficiency of the passenger traffic service quality management system allows detecting the dynamic of improvement of the services provided by the railway enterprises and building the system which is self-learning on the principles of continuous improvement. The paper grounded new principles of the passenger traffic quality management, which were formed on the basis of general management principles, quality management principles and railway transport management principles. Originality. The work presents the developed passenger traffic service quality management system targeted to meet the expectations of passengers from transport process while taking into account the economic interests of railway enterprises. The basis of this system is conceptual principles, namely, goal, objectives, subject, object, principles, functions and practical recommendations, which generally determine the relationship of the basic elements of the passenger traffic service quality management in rail transport. Practical value. The practical value of the obtained by the author results is that their implementation will enable railway enterprises to forecast the improvement of service quality level, taking into account their specific features and create solutions for control and regulation of processes and passenger traffic service quality effects. The theoretical and methodological provisions may be used in the formation, operation and improvement of the quality management system for passenger traffic services in rail transport.
Directions of Extreme Tourism in Ukraine
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Martseniuk, Larysa V.
ENG: Purpose. In the world market of tourist services the extreme tourism is very popular, as it does not require the significant financial costs and enables year on year to increase the offers of holiday packages, associated with active travel. Ukraine has significant potential for the development of extreme kinds of rest, but it is not developed enough. Forms of extreme tourism are unknown for domestic tourists, and therefore, they formed a negative attitude. The aim of the article is the analysis of extreme resort potential of Ukraine and promotion of the development of extreme tourism destinations in the travel market. Theoretical and methodological basis of research is the system analysis of the problems of ensuring the competitiveness of the tourism industry, theoretical principles of economic science in the field of the effectiveness of extreme tourism and management of tourist flows. Methodology. The author offers the directions of tourist flows control, which differ from the current expansion of services to tourists in Ukraine. The development of extreme tourism with the help of co-operation of railways and sport federations was proposed. Findings. During the research the author proved that the implementation of the tasks will be promote: 1) increase in budget revenues at all levels of the inner extreme tourism; 2) raise the image of Ukraine and Ukrainian Railways; 3) increase the share of tourism and resorts in the gross domestic product to the level of developed countries; 4) bringing the number of employees in tourism and resorts to the level of developed countries; 5) the creation of an effective system of monitoring the quality of tourist services; 6) the creation of an attractive investment climate for attracting the investment in the broad development of tourism, engineering and transport and municipal infrastructure; 7) improvement the safety of tourists, ensure the effective protection of their rights and legitimate interests and preservation of the property. Originality. The author shows the theoretical generalization and new solution of a scientific problem. It manifests itself in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of extreme tourism. Practical value. Rational use of measures proposed by the author of directional control of tourist flows will significantly increase the country's revenues from domestic tourism.
Energy Saving During Operation of Equipment with Non-Controlled Electric Drive in Locomotive Depot
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Dubynets, Leonid V.; Marenych, Oksana L.; Baliichuk, Oleksii Yu.; Kortohus, A. S.
ENG: Purpose. To conduct research of electric motors in order to obtain the results that will assess the degree of energy saving due to electric loss reduction in the equipment with non-controlled electric drive. Methodology. The paper proposes an engineering method for determination of active power losses in the motors of the equipment with non-controlled electric drive in locomotive depot during load changes on the motor shaft. It is necessary to analyse the reduction of active power losses in the motor and the power supply network when an under-loaded motor is replaced with a motor having less power. Findings. After the calculations performed by the authors, it was found that for electric motors, in case of reducing the load factor from 0,7...0,75 to 0,4...0,5 active loss reduction after the motor replacement for the less powerful one ranges from 0.58 kW to 2.865 kW. Also, the calculations were carried out on the example of electric motors with a lower synchronous speed, the effect of under-loaded motor replacement increases in terms of active power loss reduction. The greatest effect is achieved when the load factor is kl ≤ 0.55 . Originality. For the first time the paper outlines the issues of energy saving efficiency for the equipment with noncontrolled electric drive in locomotive depot by replacing the under-loaded motors with the less powerful ones. As long as there is a significant amount of the considered electric drives, it may cause severe losses, taking into account the peculiarities of their operation. Practical value. The obtained research results allow us to solve the problem of replacement of under-loaded motors in locomotive depot equipment with the motors having less power as efficiently as possible in terms of reducing electric losses. For instance 90-kW motor of a washing machine can be replaced with 75-kW motor when the load factor is kl ≤ 0.7 , this can significantly reduce the performance losses. This method can be applied not only in locomotive depot but also for all equipment with non-controlled electric drives that operates in under-load mode.
Establishment of the Permissible Train Speed on the Curved Turnouts
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Patlasov, Oleksandr M.; Tokariev, Serhii O.; Patlasov, Yevhen O.
ENG: Purpose. Turnouts play a key role in the railway transportation process. One-sided and many-sided curved turnouts were railed over the last 20 years in difficult conditions (curved sections, yard necks). They have a number of geometric features, unlike the conventional one-sided turnouts. Today the normative documents prohibit laying such turnouts in curved track sections and only partially regulate the assessment procedure of their real condition. The question of establishment the permissible train speed within the curved turnouts is still open. In this regard, authors propose to set the train speed according to the driving comfort criterion using the results of field measurements of ordinates from the baseline for the particular curved turnout. Methodology. The article considers the criteria using which one can set the permissible speed on the turnouts. It defines the complexity of their application, advantages and disadvantages. Findings. The work analyzes the speed distribution along the length of the real curved turnout for the forward and lateral directions. It establishes the change rate values of unbalanced accelerations for the existing norms of the curved track sections maintenance according to the difference in the adjacent bend versine at speeds up to 160 km/h. Originality. A method for establishing the trains’ speed limit within the curved turnouts was developed. It takes into account the actual geometric position in the plan of forward and lateral turnout directions. This approach makes it possible to establish a barrier places in plan on the turnouts limiting the train speed. Practical value. The proposed method makes it possible to objectively assess and set the trains’ permissible speed on the basis of the ordinate measurement of the forward and lateral directions of the curved turnouts from the baseline using the driving comfort criteria. The method was tested using real turnouts, which are located within the Pridneprovsk Railway.
Estimation of Subgrade Strengthening Influence Using Soilcement Elements
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Petrenko, Volodymyr D.; Tiutkin, Oleksii L.; Sviatko, Ilona O.
ENG: Purpose. The aim of this work is to identify dependencies and options to strengthen the roadbed and a weak base by grouting piles. Analysis of software package SCAD to assess the effect of the selected option of strengthening the construction of spatial subgrade models. Methodology. In this paper the method of calculation of the soil mass in the software package SCAD is considered, which is a universal accounting system of finite-element analysis of structures and is focused on solving problems of designing buildings and structures rather complex structure. The finite element method is among the most modern and effective methods for the calculation of structures for various purposes. In the simulation, we get a complete picture of the stress-strain state of the study area, as well as the value of the limit load, rainfall, and so on. The spatial model based on the finite element volume, to better address the real characteristics of the soil mass, meets all the geometric characteristics of size and natural subgrade and the top structure the path that has been adopted in Ukraine. Findings. It was found that the most effective option to strengthen the roadbed, when applying grouting piles at the base of the subgrade and body, is to strengthen the five piles. At the same time there is even strengthen the soil mass at the level of 25 … 30% of the entire depth. However, even with the strengthening of the only two piles at the base of the effect of the strengthening of 14.1%. Established equation is linear and describes the decrease in strain. Taking into account the results of the research can be concluded that the consolidation is proportional to the depth with any number of piles. The dependence of the strain on the number of piles adheres to a polynomial function. Strengthening the bases of the subgrade and body depth also occurs in proportion with any number of piles. Originality. Design scheme generation algorithm for the calculation of the subgrade on a weak basis by finite element method was determined. The selection of strength characteristics of soils and the design parameters for use during the numerical simulation was completed. Load process simulation of the system by rolling stock was grounded. Practical value. Analysis of stress-strain state of «weak base-subgrade» allows you to see the basic laws work the soil and take the necessary measures to enhance the cross-section profile of jet-grouting elements.
Experimental Study of Horizontal Pressure Distribution on Corrugated Steel Silo Walls
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Kachurenko, Valentyna V.; Bannikov, Dmytro O.
EN: Purpose. The paper aims: 1) qualitative assessment of the nature of the container corrugated wall deformation caused by the load from bulk materials. 2) determination of the horizontal pressure redistribution scheme for each individual corrugation plate and the calculation method that is closer to the real situation. 3) obtaining the quantitative deformation indicators to compare them with the calculated ones produced by means of mathematical model simulation. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the different types of capacitive structure profiles were investigated and the values of total vertical displacement under load were obtained. The computational experiment used the design computer system Structure CAD for Windows. In addition, the laboratory experiment was conducted, the analysis of which is important to confirm the correctness of pre-made computer models. Findings. The conducted experiment allowed receiving the confirmation of the FEM calculated data, namely qualitatively and quantitatively the deformation direction and nature completely repeated the design situation in SCAD. The work of corrugated profile was analysed for different theoretically possible load schemes and different calculation methods. Also the work contains the recommendations for the real calculation using computer simulation. During a joint study the authors obtained the data that allow for more accurate assessment of the corrugated profile performance under the pressure from bulk materials. Originality. The conducted research and experimental tests explain and clarify the ways for possible redistribution of bulk material pressure on each corrugation plate, while there is no such information in the existing recommendation literature and regulatory framework concerning the capacitive structure design. Practical value. The use of the proposed solutions is useful for correct design of containers with corrugated walls during further calculations and search of new directions for future research.
Features of Drilling-and-Blasting at Construction of Beskidskiy Tunnel
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Petrenko, Volodymyr D.; Tiutkin, Oleksii L.; Proskurnia, S. T.
ENG: Purpose. In this article it is necessary to analyze the possibility of developing technology and increasing its efficiency during the Beskidskiy tunnel construction in difficult engineering and geological conditions. Methodology. The authors have performed analysis of the technological level of mining and construction works, new technique, equipment and production. One of the important issues of blasting operation is to ensure the seismic safety, acting at a distance of 30 m in the axes of single-track tunnel, as the distance to it will be 20 m from the nearest charge in the laying tunnel. This problem was solved by applying the combined blasting of blast-hole charges with delay-action and long-delay ways. Herewith the total mass of charges in the stope was divided into three groups, in which the first group is exploded by short-delay firing with, and the second one is exploded by shortdelay firing too with intervals of 200…400 ms, the third is exploded by long-delay blasting at intervals of 500…10000 ms. The combined blasting of short-delay charges and delay action ones let significantly reduce seismic action at a mass explosion of charges when driving of double-track railway tunnel of a large cross-section. Findings. The paper presents the developed technology model, describing dependence of the machines from engineering and geological conditions. The methodology of drilling and blasting works at the construction of the tunnel callote and stross as well as a technique of arrangement determination and intervals of shot-delay and delay blasting of blasthole explosive charges was developed. Maximum permissible concentration of gases and vapours at blasting was presented. The calculations showed that the maximum level of gas contamination of the working area in Beskidskiy tunnel is achieved at blast operations. In accordance with this ventilation of the tunnel when driving is carried out by independent systems with mechanical ventilation by blowing using mine fans of special mining enterprises. Originality. The developed seismically safety charge masses are based on the well-known state about antiseismic blasting regulations. Practical value. The authors proposed and grounded the efficient technology for reduction to practice of drilling and blasting works (with dividing of the tunnel cross-section into the calotte and stross during of the Beskydy high-mountain tunnel construction. The results of technological experiment are presented.
Improving the Efficiency of the Heating System for Public Buildings Infrastructure in the Context of DNURT
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Pshinko, Oleksandr M.; Kuznetsov, Valeriy; Yatsenko, Dmytro K.; Gabrіnets, Volodymyr O.
EN: Purpose. The paper analyses the possibility and terms of increasing the efficiency of heating and ventilation systems of public buildings at the present stage of development and the specific climatic conditions of Ukraine. The main purpose is to develop specific measures for public buildings, which will lead to a significant reduction in energy costs for heating and air conditioning system. The example is similar system of DNURT compact campus, which is heated with its own autonomous boiler that uses natural gas. Methodology. The statistical heat loss analysis for the last 5 years allows defining the types and calculating the heat loss values for specific conditions. These losses are compared with those in the world practice and based on the comparison and analysis of the current system there are offered the ways to reduce the heat loss values through the use of various technical and organizational methods. The paper also proposes involvement for this purpose of secondary and alternative energy sources. The secondary energy resources include the heat that is emitted by people and that coming out with the air during ventilation of buildings. The renewable sources include solar and geothermal energy. To enhance the heat transfer medium temperature capacity it is proposed to use the heat pumps. Findings. The maximum possible use of the proposed measures and implementation of rational schematic and engineering solutions for heat and hot water supply systems cam reduce the energy loss for heating and hot water by 30-35%. Originality. The paper for the first time proposed the use of new integrated approaches to maintain the desired heat balance in the winter period, as well as the new schematic solutions for heating and ventilation systems, both in winter and in summer, based on the use of heat pumps and secondary energy resources. Practical value. The introduction of the proposed schematic solutions and approaches demand relatively small capital investments and do not require significant reconstruction of already installed systems.
Improving the Positioning Accuracy of Train on the Approach Section to the Railway Crossing
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Havryliuk, Volodymyr I.; Voznyak, Oleg M.; Meleshko, V. V.
EN: Purpose. In the paper it is necessary to analyze possibility of improving the positioning accuracy of train on the approach section to crossing for traffic safety control at railway crossings. Methodology. Researches were performed using developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio frequency track circuits on a train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all usable frequencies. Findings. The paper presents the developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio-frequency track circuits on the train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all frequencies used in track circuits. The relative error determination of train coordinate by input impedance caused by variation of the ballast isolation resistance for the coded track circuits was investigated. The values of relative error determination of train coordinate can achieve up to 40-50 % and these facts do not allow using this method directly for coded track circuits. For short audio frequency track circuits on frequencies of continuous cab signaling (25, 50 Hz) the relative error does not exceed acceptable values, this allow using the examined method for determination of train location on the approach section to railway crossing. Originality. The developed mathematical model allowed determination of the error dependence of train coordinate by using input impedance of the track circuit for coded and audio-frequency track circuits at various frequencies of the signal current and at different ballast isolation resistances. Practical value. The authors propose the method for train location determination on approach section to the crossing, equipped with audio-frequency track circuits, which is a combination of discrete and continuous monitoring of the train location.
Influence of Self-Tempering Temperature on Strength of Railway Wheel Disk after Accelerated Cooling
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Vakulenko, Leonid I.; Bolotova, Daria M.; Proidak, Svitlana V.; Gryshchenko, Mykola A.; Vakulenko, Ihor O.
ENG: Purpose. The paper aims at estimation of resource of strength increase for railway wheel disk. Methodology. The material for research was carbon steel of railway wheel containing 0.57%C, 0.65%Si, 0.45%Mn, 0.0029%S, 0,014%P, 0,11%Cr. A railway wheel was heated to the temperatures above Ac3 and was held at this temperature until the completion of аustenite homogenization processes and then the disk was cooled at a growing rate to a certain temperature. A temperature interval of completion of the speed-up wheel disk cooling was 200-450 C. Structure was studied with the use of research methods under electronic and light microscopes. After accelerated cooling the estimation of metal structure imperfection degree was carried out with the use of X-ray structural analysis method. The stress and yielding limit of carbon steel were determined at tension, at a speed of deformation10− − 3 1 s. The microhardness of steel structural components was estimated using the microhardness tester of PMT-3 type. Findings. The properties complex of railway wheel carbon steel depending on the temperature of the accelerated cooling termination is determined by the correlation of soften and work-hardening processes development. The effect of work-hardening is based on blocking of mobile dislocations due to a precipitation carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening from the formed particles of carbidic phase. At the temperatures of the accelerated cooling termination of carbon steel higher than 300-350 C the decrease rate of strength properties is determined by the exceeding of total soften effect (from disintegration of solid solution, acceleration of spheroidithation and coalescence of cementite particles) above the dislocations blocking by the carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening. Originality Authors proved that the strength level of the railway wheel carbon steel from the temperature of accelerated cooling completion is determined by the influence ratio of the solid solution satiety degree and dispersion work-hardening from a carbidic phase. For the temperatures of accelerated cooling termination 200-300 C a decrease of solid solution satiety degree is a basic factor, which determines the level of the strength characteristic. Practical value. When making the whole-rolled railway wheel one can increase the strength limit of disk metal using the accelerated cooling to the middle interval of temperatures, which was successfully proven by authors.
Investigation of Admixture Sedimentation in the Horizontal Settler
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Kozachyna, Vitalii A.
EN: Purpose. Sedimentation by gravity is the most common and extensively applied treatment process for the removal of solids from water and wastewater and it has been used for over one hundred years. Sedimentation tanks are one of the major parts of a treatment plant especially in purification of turbid flows. Horizontal settlers are mainly used for purification of high quantity of water. In these tanks, the low speed turbid water will flow through the length of the tank and suspended particle have enough time to settle. Finding new and useful methods for calculating and increasing hydraulic efficiency of horizontal settlers is the objective of many theoretical, experimental and numerical studies. But currently used models and methods in Ukraine do not allow taking into account geometrical form and various design features. In this paper the numerical model was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal settler with modified structure. Methodology. Numerical model is based on: 1) equation of viscous fluid dynamics; 2) mass transfer equation. For numerical simulation the finite difference schemes are used. The numerical calculation is carried out on a rectangular grid. For the formation of the computational domain markers are used. Findings.The model allows obtaining the purification process in the settler with different form and different configuration of baffles. Originality. A new approach to investigate the mass transfer process in horizontal settler was proposed. This approach is based on the developed CFD model. The fluid dynamics model was used for the numerical investigation of flows and waste waters purification. To investigate influence of baffles on settler efficiency physical experiment was carried out. Practical value.The developed model has more capacity than the existing models in Ukraine. The developed model allows computing quickly the efficiency of water purification in settlers. The model is not computationally expensive. Calculation time of one variant of the problem takes few minutes.
Mathematical Model of Wheelset Oscillations with Independent Wheel Rotation in the Horizontal Plane
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Myamlin, Serhiy V.; Kirilchuk, Oleg A.; Metyzhenko, Vladislav S.
EN: Purpose. The work is devoted to the study of horizontal oscillation and the assessment of the motion stability of a single wheelset with independent wheel rotation, and to the comparison of stability indicators of the typical wheelset and the wheelset with independent wheel rotation. This is connected with the necessity to increase traffic speed of rolling stock, improve road safety and comfort of passengers. Methodology. To achieve this purpose we used the methods of mathematical simulation of railway rolling stock dynamics, as well as the linear algebra methods to assess the stability of solutions of the linear homogeneous differential equations. Findings. To solve the set task the design model of a single wheelset with independent wheel rotation was created. The wheelset is not a single solid body; each of the wheelset axles has a surplus degree of freedom. Thus, we obtained the system with 4 degrees of freedom. The design model allowed to obtain the system of linear homogeneous differential equations describing the oscillations of the represented wheelset in a horizontal plane on a straight track section. On the basis of the computer modeling were calculated the eigenvalues of the differential equation system coefficients and the asymptotic stability analysis of the wheelset motion with independent wheel rotation. The increment and the frequency of fluctuations were compared with similar indicators for the standard wheelset. The authors also discussed non-oscillatory forms of the wheelset motion and the issues of wheelset self-centering on the track. Originality. The result of the work is the mathematical model of the sinuous movement of a single wheelset, in two-dimensional formulation, with independent wheel rotation and the estimate of the dynamic indices during its motion on a straight track section without any irregularities. There were also proposed the ways to ensure the self-centering on the track of the wheelset with independent wheel rotation. Practical value. The developed mathematical model of the single wheelset motion with independent wheel rotation can be used to create the advanced designs of railway running gear of cars.
Modeling of Development Vertical Deformation of Railway Track
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Kurhan, Dmytro
EN: Purpose. State of railway track must meet the conditions of safety, comfort and smooth ride. The presence of irregularities deteriorates the dynamics of interaction of track and rolling stock, causes speed limiting, creates the possibility of movement safety violation. This brings up the question concerning the study of the factors leading to the possibility of track irregularities and the process of their development. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the processes of emergence and development of irregularities in the area of unequal vertical elasticity of railway track using mathematical modelling. Methodology. Railroad under the trains works as the system of elastic bodies, so the emergence and development of irregularities can be represented as the transition from elastic to permanent strain. Irregularity development will affect the dynamics of interaction between track and rolling stock not only at the wheel location directly in the area of irregularity, but also at a certain distance beyond. Therefore, to study the development of irregularities, including those along the track, it is necessary to model the process of wheel load movement along the area. The adopted model consists of a wheel set moving on inertia-free beam and resting on individual supports. It is described by Lagrange differential equations. The work introduced the hypothesis that the level of permanent strain is distributed in proportion to the dynamic deflection derivative. Findings. Location of vertical longwise irregularity does not necessarily reproduce the location of the problem area. While in operation the vertical irregularity extends not only in depth but also along the track, herewith the increase in length is accompanied by the displacement of local maxima and the emergence of new ones. This leads to the development of socalled «pits» when approaching unequal-elastic areas. Originality. The work provides further development of tasks for track and rolling stock interaction modelling, in particular aimed to take into account the unequal elasticity areas and their influence on the formation of the track irregularities. The paper proposes new approaches to modelling the transition from elastic to permanent strain that allows predicting the development of track irregularity sizes depending on the area characteristics. Practical value. The results obtained by the author can be used to determine the schedule for track equal elasticity renovation works, as well as to analyse the measures aimed at the prevention of irregularities in areas with variable elasticity of railway track.
Modeling of Temperature Fields in a Solid Heat Accumullators
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Belimenko, Serhii S.; Ishchenko, Volodymyr O.; Gabrіnets, Volodymyr O.; Gabrinets, Vladimir A.
EN: Purpose. Currently, one of the priorities of energy conservation is a cost savings for heating in commercial and residential buildings by the stored thermal energy during the night and its return in the daytime. Economic effect is achieved due to the difference in tariffs for the cost of electricity in the daytime and at night. One of the most common types of devices that allow accumulating and giving the resulting heat are solid heat accumulators. The main purpose of the work: 1) software development for the calculation of the temperature field of a flat solid heat accumulator, working due to the heat energy accumulation in the volume of thermal storage material without phase transition; 2) determination the temperature distribution in its volumes at convective heat transfer. Methodology. To achieve the study objectives a heat transfer theory and Laplace integral transform were used. On its base the problems of determining the temperature fields in the channels of heat accumulators, having different cross-sectional shapes were solved. Findings. Authors have developed the method of calculation and obtained solutions for the determination of temperature fields in channels of the solid heat accumulator in conditions of convective heat transfer. Temperature fields over length and thickness of channels were investigated. Experimental studies on physical models and industrial equipment were conducted. Originality. For the first time the technique of calculating the temperature field in the channels of different cross-section for the solid heat accumulator in the charging and discharging modes was proposed. The calculation results are confirmed by experimental research. Practical value. The proposed technique is used in the design of solid heat accumulators of different power as well as full-scale production of them was organized.
Modelling the Modified Method of Analytic Hierarchy Process by Means of Constructive and Productive Structures
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Vasetska, Tetiana M.
EN: Purpose. In the study it is supposed: 1) to extend the classical method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for a great number of alternatives and criteria; 2) to build a model of constructive decision making process using a modified method of analytic hierarchy process with sorting (AHPS). Methodology. To achieve this purpose the mechanism of constructive and productive structures (CPS) was used; the refining transformations of the generalized constructive-productive structure (GCPS) were fulfilled. Findings. The developed model of the constructive process is the interaction between the three structures: the general CPS of AHPS, which allows to set criteria and alternatives and performs the decomposition of task hierarchical structure; CPS of grouping and sorting, which divides alternatives (criteria) into groups and implements the classic single-level AHP for each group, as well as calculates estimates of paired comparisons based on the input data; CPS of single-level classic AHP, which allows to fill the matrix of paired comparisons and calculates the ranks of alternatives. All three structures interact at different levels of transformations: by data conformity at the level of concretization and using of implementations. The proposed model allowed moving to the more abstract level in presentation of decision making problem solving for a great number of criteria and alternatives. Originality. The paper proposes to use CPS mechanism for formalizing modifications of AHP with sorting for decision making problem solving with a great number of criteria and alternatives. Practical value. The formalization of the presentation of the analytic hierarchy process and its modifications allows extending the range of applications of this method, as well as unifying the description of various AHP modifications. Such presentation provides the possibility for developing the programs to implement the method hybrid modifications. Using different interpretations presented in the article of CPS will allow for other approaches in determining the coherence of pairwise comparison matrices, estimate calculation and ranks of alternatives and criteria.
Modernization as a Way to Improve the Use of Universal Cars
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Reidemeister, Alexey G.; Kalashnyk, Volodymyr O.; Shykunov, Oleksandr A.
EN: Purpose. The main design requirements of the modernized cars are those allowing reduction of operating costs and improvement of economic efficiency of their use. Due to the relevance of this subject the work presents the complex of conducted research, which will allow in prospect to use the universal flatcar, converted according to the Technical specifications TU 3182-065-71390252-2911 for container service. The research includes: evaluation of strength, fatigue safety of the design elements and conformity assessment of the strength characteristics of the modernized flatcar elements to the regulatory documents. Methodology. The analysis covers the use of specialized and universal rolling stock for transportation of containers, as well as the issues of modernization of universal cars. The strength of the flatcar bearing structure is evaluated based on the complex of numerical and experimental studies. The experimental part includes the static, repair load and impact tests. The car strength qualities and the fatigue safety are evaluated on the basis of calculated and experimental data. Findings. The conducted static, repair load and impact tests, given the quasi-static longitudinal forces, allowed the evaluation of the car structure strength according to the regulatory documents. The calculated and experimental data make it possible to assess the fatigue safety of structural elements. The present work is completed by obtaining the results that allow performing reasonable re-equipment of universal flatcars with baseplates with fitting stops to fasten the containers. Originality. The results of calculated and experimental studies showed that the modernized flatcars meet the conditions of strength and have sufficient fatigue safety factor. This makes it possible to recommend the re-equipment of universal flatcars for all car-repair enterprises that submitted the prototypes. Practical value. The complex of works was conducted that demonstrated the possibility of re-equipment of universal flatcars for the transportation of large containers. Part of the car fleet, kept in reserve, with little material costs can be transferred to the operational fleet. The modernization – re-equipment of universal flatcars with stationary specialized devices will increase the car usability coefficient.
Network Traffic Forcasting in Information-telecommunication System of Prydniprovsk Railways Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Network
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Pakhomova, Victoria M.
ENG: Purpose. Continuous increase in network traffic in the information-telecommunication system (ITS) of Prydniprovsk Railways leads to the need to determine the real-time network congestion and to control the data flows. One of the possible solutions is a method of forecasting the volume of network traffic (inbound and outbound) using neural network technology that will prevent from server overload and improve the quality of services. Methodology. Analysis of current network traffic in ITS of Prydniprovsk Railways and preparation of sets: learning, test and validation ones was conducted as well as creation of neuro-fuzzy network (hybrid system) in Matlab program and organization of the following phases on the appropriate sets: learning, testing, forecast adequacy analysis. Findings. For the fragment (Dnipropetrovsk – Kyiv) in ITS of Prydniprovsk Railways we made a forecast (day ahead) for volume of network traffic based on the hybrid system created in Matlab program; MAPE values are as follows: 6.9% for volume of inbound traffic; 7.7% for volume of outbound traffic. It was found that the average learning error of the hybrid system decreases in case of increase in: the number of inputs (from 2 to 4); the number of terms (from 2 to 5) of the input variable; learning sample power (from 20 to 100). A significant impact on the average learning error of the hybrid system is caused by the number of terms of its input variable. It was determined that the lowest value of the average learning error is provided by 4-input hybrid system, it ensures more accurate learning of the neuro-fuzzy network by the hybrid method. Originality. The work resulted in the dependences for the average hybrid system error of the network traffic volume forecasting for the fragment (Dnipropetrovsk-Kyiv) in ITS Prydniprovsk Railways on: the number of its inputs, the number of input variable terms, the learning sample power for different learning methods. Practical value. Forecasting of network traffic volume in ITS of Prydniprovsk Railways will allow for real-time identification of the network congestion and control of data flows.
Numerical Simulation of Toxic Chemical Dispersion after Accident at Railway
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Biliaiev, Mykola M.; Muntian, L. Ya.
EN: Purpose. This research focuses on the development of an applied numerical model to calculate the dynamics of atmospheric pollution in the emission of dangerous chemical substances in the event of transportation by railway. Methodology. For the numerical simulation of transport process of the dangerous chemical substance in the atmosphere the equation of convection-diffusion pollutant transport is used. This equation takes into account the effect of wind, atmospheric diffusion, the power of emission source, as well as the movement of the source of emission (depressurized tank) on the process of pollutant dispersion. When carrying out computing experiment one also takes into account the profile of the speed of the wind flow. For the numerical integration of pollutant transport in the atmosphere implicit finite-difference splitting scheme is used. The numerical calculation is divided into four steps of splitting and at each step of splitting the unknown value of the concentration of hazardous substance is determined by the explicit running account scheme. On the basis of the numerical model it was created the code using the algorithmic language FORTRAN. On the basis of the numerical model it was created the code using the algorithmic language FORTRAN. One conducted the computational experiments to assess the level of air pollution near the railway station «Illarionovo» in the event of a possible accident during transportation of ammonia. Findings. The proposed model allows you to quickly calculate the air pollution after the emission of chemically hazardous substance, taking into account the motion of the emission source. The model makes it possible to determine the size of the land surface pollution zones and the amount of pollutants deposited on a specific area. Using the developed numerical model it was estimated the environmental damage near the railway station «Illarionovo». Originality. One can use the numerical model to calculate the size and intensity of the chemical contamination zones after accidents on transport. Practical value. The numerical model, developed by authors, can be used to estimate the size and intensity of the chemical contamination zones during emergency on transport. The developed numerical model solves the problem of assessing the impact of emergency emission of ammonia near the railway station «Illarionovo».
One-to-One Nonlinear Transformation of the Space with Identity Plane
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Malyi, A. D.; Ulchenko, T. V.; Shcherbak, A. S.; Popudniak, Yu. Ya.; Starosol’ska, Tetiana V.; Starosolskaya, T. V.
EN: Purpose. Study of geometric transformations. We will consider the so-called point transformations of space. Methodology. The most important are one-to-one transformations. They allow exploring and studying the properties of the transformed object using the properties of the original object (line, surface and figure) and the properties of the transformation. Cremona transformations occupy a special place in the set of one-to-one nonlinear transformations. Construction of one-parameter (stratifiable) transformations is carried out as one-parameter set of plane transformations, both linear and non-linear ones. The plane, in which the specific transformation is prescribed, moves in space by a certain law forming a one-parameter set of planes. The set of such plane transformations makes up the space transformation. Findings. The designed graphics algorithms and the established transformation equations allow building the visual images of transformed surfaces and conducting their research by analytical geometry methods. Originality. By completing elementary algebraic transformations of this equation, we obtain the cissoids equation. If the plane φ is continuously moved parallel to itself, it results in occurrence of surface, whose carcass will be the set of cissoids and the set of front-projecting lines. Practical value. The considered set of stratifiable algebraic transformations gives an effective means for exploring new curves and surfaces obtained by transforming the known algebraic lines and surfaces. These graphic algorithms allow graphically depicting the transformed lines and surfaces. The considered procedure of drawing up analytical formulas of specific transformations allows us to study the transformed surfaces and lines using the methods of analytic geometry. The above transformations can be of arbitrary high order, which is especially important during the design of complex technical surfaces such as aircraft components, parts of water and gas turbines, supports of the structures subject to strong flow of liquid, etc. Space modelling issues, including the building of graphic plane models of space, are relevant both in theoretical terms and in terms of application of the non-linear surfaces investigated on their basis for constructing the technical forms of parts and aggregates of construction machine movable elements, the middle surfaces of shells, the surfaces of turbulent blade, etc.
Probabilistic-Physical Approach to Describe and Determine the Reliability of Cars
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Muradian, Leontii A.
EN: Purpose. The article aims to develop an algorithm and a sequence of description and determination of car reliability to predict certain quantitative indicators of the studied elements, parts and units, or a car as a whole on the basis of probabilistic-physical approach. Methodology. For the calculation of the indicators of reliability, durability and safety of cars the probabilistic-physical method was used, which takes into account the resources consumption inevitable in the operation of cars. The methodology of quantifying the reliability is based on the study of the physical-mechanical and physical-chemical properties and parameters of various elements, with the identification of principles of the aging processes of the elements or parts (with operating time) to determine the analytical dependencies of these processes from the indicators of cars reliability. Findings. On the basis of probabilistic-physical approach it was developed a model to describe and determine the reliability of the cars. At this the method of calculation based on probabilistic-physical model is fundamentally different from all known rigorous probabilistic methods by the fact that it considers a continuous set of states of the elements, parts and systems of the car during continuous time. If there exists or (if it possible to find) the information parameter about the resource consumption of the car element with evaluation of its change speed, and knowing its limit, based on the built car reliability model with the involvement of probabilistic-physical approach, one can predict all the necessary quantitative indicators of reliability of the studied elements, parts and units or a car as a whole. Originality. The methodology of the reliability construction with the use of probabilistic-physical model with DN-distribution was further developed in the article. The specific physical interpretation of the constants of DN-distribution of failures makes it possible to evaluate them according to the results of the study of certain parameters characterizing the technical condition of the car. On the basis of probabilistic-physical approach the algorithm and the sequence of description and determination of cars reliability to predict certain quantitative reliability indicators of the studied elements, parts and units, or a car as a whole were developed. Practical value. The results make it possible to calculate in practice the quantitative indicators of reliability of cars or their individual elements for further prediction of the overall reliability during operation.
Prospects for Laying the Fastening of the Type СКД65–Б in the Curvesd Track Sections with Small Radius
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Nastechyk, Mykola P.; Nastechik, Nicolai P.; Marcul, Ruslan V.
EN: Purpose. To date, there is a tendency concerning complete transition of main tracks to concrete sleepers. The reason for this is the lack of wooden sleepers, their high cost and low lifetime that in the curved track sections with the radius R≤300 m is only 5-7 years (this is 5 times less than the lifetime of concrete sleepers). After introduction of fastening type СКД65-Б it is possible to smoothly expand the track from 0 mm to 14 mm, and to narrow from 0 mm to 28 mm with a step 1 mm. At the increased train load on the track of 75…130 kN in a horizontal plane, which is characteristic for the curved track sections R≤300 m the violations in terms of track geometry often take place. It results in the frequent surfacings, periodicity of which at the fastening type СКД65-Б is absent for today. Therefore the purpose of the article is the development of recommendations concerning maintenance of the track in a plan with the fastening type СКД65-Б. Methodology. The methodology of research is based on the comparative estimation of influence of the track width change dynamics on the periodicity of surfacing in the plan in the case of the use of fastening type ДО and СКД65-Б. Findings. With the help of the developed research methodology it was established that the first implementation of adjusting the track width at fastening type ДО is necessary to be executed on the 14th month and at the fastening type СКД65-Б on the 28th month of operation. Originality. It was first described and expressed using the empiric dependence the process of the track width change, and periodicity of its adjusting in the case of the fastening type СКД65-Б use. Practical value. The developed recommendations will allow in time to execute adjusting of the track width at fastening type СКД65-Б and ensuring the safety of train motion at the same time.
Relationship Between Rolling and Slip Resistance in Rolling Bearings
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Bondarenko, Lеоnid M.; Babyak, Mykola O.; Yakovliev, Serhii O.; Istin, S. О.; Moskalev G. Yu.
ENG: Purpose. About one of the causes of slip rolling is known from the second half of the 19th century, it was believed that the slip resistance appears at the place of contact due to different speeds on the arc of contact. Only in the mid-20th century it was proved that this resistance is negligible in rolling resistance. However (for some unknown reason) it is ignored the fact that in practice in rolling bearings may rotate both the inner ring with a stationary outer one, and vice versa almost in equal relations. It is not taken into account the fact that the ball or roller in the rolling bearings runs the different distance along the roller path of the outer and inner bearing cages in one revolution. This fact is not taken into account in determining the calculated values for the friction coefficient of a rolling bearing reduced to the shaft. Therefore, the aim of this work is to determine the influence of path length on the track riding the outer and inner race of the bearing on the determination of the calculated value of the coefficient of friction of rolling bearings is given to the shaft. Methodology. The solution technique is based on the theory of plane motion of a rigid body, the theory of Hertzian contact deformation and the analytical dependencies for determination of coefficient of rolling friction. Findings. The obtained dependences on determination of rolling resistance of the balls or rollers along the bearing tracks of inner and outer bearing cages as well as path difference metering of the rolling on them allows to analytically obtain the rolling resistance and slipping for any size of bearings and different devices of bearing units. It is also possible at the design stage of rolling nodes to handle not only the design but also the content of the node. Originality. Using the analytical dependences for determination of the rolling resistance of bodies at point and line contacts, and also account for the difference in the path of the rolling ball or roller on the outer and inner cages of the bearing one can more accurately find the rolling resistance in the bearings. Practical value. The obtained dependences allow designing the bearing units with minimal energy consumption.
Research of Dependence of Belt Conveyer Drive Power on Its Design Parameters
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Bohomaz, Volodymyr M.
ENG: Purpose. A drive is one of the basic elements of belt conveyers. To determine the drive power it is necessary to conduct calculations by standard methodologies expounded in modern technical literature. Such calculations demand a fair amount of time. The basic design parameters of a belt conveyer include type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions. The article aims to build the parametric dependence of belt conveyer drive power on its design parameters, that takes into account standard dimensions and parameters of belts, idlers and pulleys. Methodology. The work examines a belt conveyer with two areas: sloping and horizontal. Using the methodology for pulling calculation by means of belt conveyer encirclement, there are built parametric dependences of pull forces in the characteristic conveyer path points on the type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions. Findings. For the belt conveyers of the considered type there are built parametric dependences of drive power on type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions, taking into account the belt standard dimensions and corresponding assumptions in relation to idler and pulley types. Originality. This is the first developed parametric dependence of two-area (sloping and horizontal) belt conveyer drive power on type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions that takes into account standard dimensions and parameters of belts, idlers and pulleys. Practical value. Use of the built drive power dependences on design parameters for the belt conveyers with sloping and horizontal areas gives an opportunity of relatively rapid determination of drive power approximate value at the design stage. Also it allows quality selection of its basic elements at specific design characteristics and requirements. The offered dependences can be used for determination of general character of drive power dependence on the project efficiency.
Study of Car Traffic Flow Structure on Arrival and Departure at the Marshalling Yard X
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2016) Nesterenko, Galina I.; Muzykin, Mykhailo I.; Horobets, Volodymyr L.; Muzykina, Svetlana I.
ENG: The paper is aimed to analyse the existing car traffic organization at the marshalling yard aimed to reduce downtime of cars. Methodology. The methods of mathematical statistics allowed building the histogram of car traffic flow distribution at the marshalling yard and assessment of their parameters. The key quantitative and qualitative indicators of the station operation were analyzed. In order to analyze the effect of rehandling volume on the rehandled transit car downtime elements at the station we plotted the dependence graph of the car downtime elements on the rehandling volume. The curve variation on the graph clearly shows the effect of rehandling volume on two downtime elements: during formation and in expectation of operations. Findings. The question of reducing the average downtime of all car categories at the station should be solved by reducing unproductive downtime was proved. The correct determination of the average time spent by a rehandled transit car at the station is essential, especially in the conditions of new system of economic incentives. But still there is no separate methodology for determining the car downtime, which would allow to objectively consider the equipment and operation technology and exclude the possibility for subjective decisions. Originality. One of the main kinds of unproductive downtime during the carriage of goods by rail is a downtime on the marshalling yards in expectation of technological operations because of the system congestion. Reduction of this indicator is possible due to rational use of the marshalling yard capacity provided the rational distribution and car – and train flows between the major marshalling yards of Ukrzaliznytsia. Practical value. The analysis of changes in downtime elements, depending on the rehandling volume allows not only to identify the car downtime reduction methods, but also to make a correct assessment of station staff work, as well as to adjust the rate of idle wagons.
Use of Microcontroller for Measuring Shaft Speed of Diesel Locomotive Hydraulic Transmission
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2016) Zhukovytskyy, Igor V.; Kliushnyk, Ihor A.
ENG: Purpose. The article considers the process of development and improvement of tachometer data collectors for the data-measuring diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission test system, which will give the possibility of obtaining the source data to conduct further studies of the technical condition of diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission. It is supposed to provide a solution to the problem of development and improvement of tachometer data measuring tools of the previously created data-measuring diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission test system, starting out from the possibility of modification of the existing locomotive hydraulic transmission test-bench at the Dnepropetrovsk Diesel Locomotive Repair Plant «Promteplovoz». Methodology. The researchers proposed in the work a method of modifying the existing tachometer sensor of the automated microprocessor system for the locomotive hydraulic transmission test-bench in the conditions of a diesel locomotive repair plant. It is applicable by substantiating the choice of the required tachometer sensor measuring method, as well as by using the necessary hardware and software to accomplish the goal with the ability to integrate into the data-measuring system for diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission testing. Findings. The available equipment of the locomotive hydraulic transmission test-bench allowed for design of the optical type speed sensor based on the existing sensor D-2MMU-2. The factory testing with the use of a sensor prototype resulted in determination of the required and sufficient sampling time for sensor operating microcontroller. Originality. The available equipment of the locomotive hydraulic transmission testbench allowed for design of the optical type speed sensor based on the existing sensor D-2MMU-2. We developed the operation algorithms for the microcontroller that processes the signals from this sensor. The sensor was factorytested. According to the data sample obtained during the tests, we showed the possibility of reducing the sensor information retrieval frequency. Practical value. The designed sensor significantly reduces the cost of development of the diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission test-bench, besides it can be used when developing similar hydraulic transmission test-benches of other wheeled vehicles and the like. The designed sensor has a greater accuracy than that of D-2-2MMU and considerably lower production cost in comparison with current tachometer sensors. The measurement results are input data to perform further studies in order to determine the technical condition of UGP750-1200 hydraulic transmission during the factory post-repair testing.
Автоматизированный измерительный комплекс для проведения приемо-сдаточных испытаний тяговых электродвигателей постоянного и пульсирующего тока
(Днепропетровский национальный университет железнодорожного транспорта имени академика В. Лазаряна, Днипро, 2016) Друбецкий, Антон Ефимович
RU: Цель. В работе необходимо: 1) ознакомить читателя с современной классификацией средств измерения и диагностики, с проблемами автоматизации измерений основных параметров при выполнении программы квалификационных испытаний тяговых электродвигателей; 2) дать рекомендации по повышению точности измерений, снижению трудоёмкости работ для проведения измерений, снижению требований к квалификации обслуживающего персонала; 3) представить практическую реализацию измерительного комплекса, построенного на основании рекомендаций, изложенных в статье. Методика. Приведена классификация средств измерения и диагностики. Рассмотрен перечень оборудования, которое может использоваться в измерительных комплексах, а также варианты стороннего измерительного комплекса и измерительного комплекса, использующего систему управления стендом. Предложены их функциональные схемы. Сопоставлены достоинства и недостатки данных схем для составления рекомендаций по областям их оптимального применения. Результаты. Проанализировав функциональные схемы измерительных комплексов, было установлено, что использование микроконтроллера системы управления в качестве измерительного комплекса целесообразно в случае, если измерения носят, в основном, функцию контроля над процессом испытаний. Использование стороннего измерительного комплекса более целесообразно в тех случаях, когда требуется: исключить зависимость от системы управления стендом, обеспечить высокую мобильность, а также снизить требования к квалификации обслуживающего персонала. Научная новизна. Автором произведен краткий обзор средств измерения. Разработаны функциональные схемы измерительных комплексов, использующих систему управления стендом и стороннего измерительного комплекса, предложены критерии для оценки их оптимального применения. Практическая значимость. На основе предложенной функциональной схемы был собран измерительный комплекс на базе аппаратного и программного обеспечения компании National Instruments. В качестве первичных преобразователей для измерений токов и напряжений были использованы датчики фирмы LEM. Благодаря компактным размерам шасси, его удалось объединить в одном корпусе с блоком питания для датчиков. Таким образом, удалось уменьшить габариты всего комплекса, упростить и ускорить его подготовку к измерениям.